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The application of collaborative modeling to Typical water resources problem is broad. Its principles are applicable to many types of planning challenges to support Water policy/ legislation reform, project planning, a national water strategy or allocations. Given its specific relevance to complex problems, collaborative modelling is most applicable in problem contexts characterised characterized by their semi-structured or completely unstructured nature .These are contexts where there is little consensus among stakeholders (regarding values, norms and standards, beliefs and ambitions) and/or a lack of scientific certainty (Box: Problem Structure). Note that in those instances where divisions between stakeholders are too extreme, alternative conflict management tools and methodologies may be required.
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(iii) unstructured problems, for which a low degree of consensus exists and there is a lack of scientific certainty.
Integrated river basin planning in Pemali Comal, Indonesia
