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Heatstress reduction is expressed as cooling of the air temperature. One of the main causes of the urban heat island effect is reduced availability of vegetation in urban areas. Less vegetation is in urban areas leads to a higher air temperature. A relation that has been determined for the Netherlands is shown below. This relationship is used to quantify the heatstress reduction in the CRCTool.
Heatstress reduction = -0.030 x Area_meas measure / Area_project
Steeneveld G.J., S. Koopmans, B. G. Heusinkveld,L. W. A. van Hove, and A. A. M. Holtslag (2011), Quantifying urban heat island effects and human comfort for cities of variable size and urban morphology in the Netherlands, Journal of Geophysical Research
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Cool spots are areas where people like to be on hot days. Metric for heat stress reduction is the number of cool areas that is created in a project area by applying adaptation measures.
To qualify as a cool spot, adaptation measures should be over 200 m2 and have a significant cooling effect.
Measures that have a significant cooling effect are:
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