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input files containing meteorological time series such as wind velocity, velocityair pressure, air temperature. |
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Space varying wind and pressure input files (meteofiles)
At present, for different wind meteo input files, different headers are used, which are read in different ways in the sourcecodesource code. Some effeort effort has been put to in making the files more self-descriptive, readible readable and to make the input of the different files more consistent. For three four wind-input options, a suggestion to standardise the headers is shown below. The suggestion is conform a possible transition to NetCDF format in the future. See NetCDF standard names for more information on the used standard NetCDF names. For Pseudo ArcInfo wind, wind meteo on the FLOW grid, meteo on an equidistant (rectilinear or spherical) grid, meteo on a separate curvi-linear curvilinear grid and Spiderweb wind three meteo on a Spiderweb grid, examples of input files are shown below.
- Keywords are case INsensitive.
- Comments are indicated by a #
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- .
- The keyword FileVersion (= 1.02) must be the first keyword, the order of the other keywords is free to choose.
- The pressure correction on boundaries using Paver and Pcorr, which used to be prescribed in the air pressure meteo file, has been moved to the MD-File. The correction is specified using the keyword:
PavBnd (P average on Boundaries). This average pressure is applied on all boundaries to reduce pressure gradients there. The average pressure needs to be specified in Pascals.
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- Meteo on the FLOW grid:
For meteo on the FLOW grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 1 file, using the keyword:
Filwnd
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER
### This file is created by Deltares
FileVersion = 1.02 |
- Pseudo ArcInfo wind:
| Code Block |
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### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### Every line with one or more # before it, is read as commentary ### Additional commments meteotype = arcinfo # Type of meteo input file: curvi, arcinfo or spiderweb NODATA_value = -9999.000 # Value used for undefined or missing data n_cols = 400 # Version of meteo input file, to check if the newest file format is used filetype = meteo_on_flow_grid # Number of columns used for wind datafield n_rows = 16 # Type of meteo input file: meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value = -9.9900000E+02 # Number of# rowsValue used for undefined or windmissing datafielddata gridn_unitquantity = = 3 degree # Unit of distances on# theNumber gridof inquantities bothprescribed x-in andthe y-direction #grid_unitfile quantity1 = m x_llcornerwind = -12.000 # Name of quantity1 quantity2 # Xcoordinate of= lower left corner ofy_wind grid (in units specified in grid_unit) y_llcorner = 48.000 # Name of quantity2 quantity3 = air_pressure # Ycoordinate of lower left corner of grid (in units specified in grid_unit) value_pos = centre # Name of quantity3 unit1 = m s-1 # Location where the data is specified in a cell (centre or corner) #value_pos = corner # Unit of quantity1 unit2 dx = m s-1 = 0.12500 # Unit of quantity2 unit3 # Grid dimensions: dx and dy (in units= specified in grid_unit) dy mbar = 0.083333333 # Unit of quantity3 ### END OF n_quantityHEADER TIME = 0 3minutes since 2008-01-08 00:00:00 +00:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 # Number0.0000000E+00 of quantities prescribed0.0000000E+00 in the file quantity1 = x_wind # Name of quantity1 #quantity1 = y_wind # Name of quantity1 #quantity1 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -8.6049000E+00 -1.0240000E+01 -5.4150000E+00 -1.8900000E+00 -2.9040000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 TIME = 660 minutes since 2008-01-08 00:00:00 +00:00 = air_pressure # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 # Name of quantity1 unit1 -2.3290000E+00 -9.0440000E+00 -1.3230000E+01 -8.3310000E+00 =-6.9210000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -1.0000000E+01 -1.1000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -1.5000000E+01 -1.8000000E+01 -1.4000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -0.8000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -1.6000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -0.7000000E+01 -0.4000000E+01 0.0000000E+00 -0.3000000E+01 1.0130000E+03 1.0140000E+03 1.0140000E+03 1.0160000E+03 1.0120000E+03 1.0120000E+03 1.0180000E+03 1.0200000E+03 1.0160000E+03 1.0140000E+03 1.0110000E+03 1.0130000E+03 1.0110000E+03 1.0180000E+03 1.0150000E+03 1.0130000E+03 |
- Meteo on an equidistant grid:
For meteo on an equidistant grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 3 separate files using the keywords:
Filwu
Filwv
Filwp
and Filwr, Filwt, Filwc for relative humidity, air temperature and cloudiness respectively.
| Code Block |
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### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion = 1.02 # Version of meteo input file, to check if the newest file format is used filetype = meteo_on_equidistant_grid # Type of meteo input file: meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value = -9999.000 # Value used for undefined or missing data n_cols = 400 m s-1 # Unit of quantity1 #unit1 = Pa # Unit of quantity1 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 minutes since 2007-10-08 15:24:00 -02:00 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time difference (time zone) 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 155.0000 346.2500 357.5000 8.750000 20.00000 31.25000 42.50000 53.75000 65.00000 76.25000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 time = 1440 minutes since 2007-10-08 15:24:00 -02:00 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time difference (time zone) 2.435253 # Number of columns used for wind datafield n_rows = 16 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 # Number of rows 2.435253used for wind datafield grid_unit 2.435253 = 65.01978 degree 75.11859 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 126.7762 137.5612# Unit of distances on the grid 148.5649 in both x- and y-direction: m or degree x_llcorner = 159-12.8090000 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 # Xcoordinate of 5298.544lower left corner of grid (in units 5298.544specified in grid_unit) y_llcorner 5298.544 = 529848.544000 |
- Wind on a separate curvi-linear grid:
| Code Block |
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### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### Every line with one or more # before it, is read as commentary ### Additional commments meteotype = curvi # Ycoordinate of lower left corner of grid (in units specified in grid_unit) value_pos = centre # Type of meteo input file: curvi, arcinfo or spiderweb NODATA_value = -999.999 # Coordinates given in centre or corner of lower left cell? dx = 0.12500 # Value used for undefined or missing data curvi_grid_file = hirlam.grd # Grid dimensions: dx and dy (in units specified in grid_unit) dy # Separate (curvi-linear) grid on which the wind can be specified first_data_value = grid_llcorner0.083333333 # Options: grid_llcorner, grid_ul_corner, grid_lrcorner or grid_urcorner data_row n_quantity = 1 = grid_row # Options: grid_row or grid_col. For switching rows and columns. n_quantity Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 = 1x_wind # NumberName of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1quantity1 (x_wind, y_wind or air_pressure) unit1 = x_wind= m s-1 # Name of quantity1 #quantity1 # Unit of quantity1 (m =s-1 for velocities y_wind or Pa/mbar for air_pressure) ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 minutes since 2007-10-08 15:24:00 -02:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> #<time Namezone> of quantity1 #quantity1 1.388999 =1.388999 air_pressure 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 # Name of quantity1 unit1 1.388999 1.388999 = 2.388999 m s-1 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 # Unit of quantity1 #unit1 2.388999 2.388999 3.388999 = 3.388999 Pa 3.388999 3.388999 3.388999 3.388999 3.388999 3.388999 3.388999 # Unit of quantity1 ### END OF HEADER3.388999 TIME = 1440 0minutes hours since 20062007-0110-0108 0015:0024:00 -0602:00 # Fixed format: time<time> <time unitunit> "since" date<date> time<time> time<time differencezone> (time zone) 1.388999 2.435253 12.388999435253 15.388999435253 1.388999435253 13.388999435253 14.388999435253 12.388999435253 12.388999557653 12.388999412253 12.388999435255 1551.0000435253 3462.2500435253 3571.5000435253 82.750000435253 201.00000435253 312.25000435253 421.50000435253 531.75000435253 652.00000435253 761.25000435251 53004.000435253 53004.000435253 53001.000435253 53003.000355253 53003.000456253 53005.000425253 53001.000223453 53005.000523341 53005.000521246 53003.000255258 TIME = 1440 hours since 2006-01-01 00:00:00 -06:00 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time difference (time zone) 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 65.01978 |
- Explanation of the data to grid conversion for meteo on an equidistant grid
For meteo on an equidistant grid the orientation of the data is the same as the grid (visually). The first data value is thus located at the grid at (1,nmax). A line is then read as a row on the grid and the second line in the dataset is row nmax-1 on the grid. See also figure 1.
Figure 1: Data to grid conversion for meteo on an equidistant grid.
- Meteo on a separate curvilinear grid:
For meteo on a separate curvilinear grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 3 separate files using the keywords:
Fwndgu
Fwndgv
Fwndgp
and Fwndgr, Fwndgt, Fwndgc for relative humidity, air temperature and cloudiness respectively.
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion = 1.02 75.11859 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 126.7762# Version of meteo input file, to 137.5612check if the newest file format 148.5649is used filetype 159.8090 = 5298.544 meteo_on_curvilinear_grid 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 # 5298.544Type of meteo input file: 5298.544 meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value 5298.544 = -999.999 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 |
- Spiderweb wind:
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### Every line with one or more # before it, is read as commentary ### Additional commments meteotype # Value used for undefined or missing data grid_file = spiderwebhirlam.grd # Type of meteo input file: curvi, arcinfo or spiderweb NODATA_value = -999.000Separate (curvi-linear) grid on which the wind can be specified first_data_value = grid_llcorner # Value used for undefined or missing data n_colsOptions: grid_llcorner, grid_ul_corner, grid_lrcorner or grid_urcorner data_row = 400grid_row # Options: grid_row or # Number of columns used for wind datafieldgrid_col. For switching rows and columns. n_rowsquantity = = 1 16 # Number of rowsquantities usedprescribed forin windthe datafield spw_radiusfile quantity1 = x_wind 600000.00 # RadiusName of spiderwebquantity1 (in units specified in rad_unit) spw_rad_unitx_wind, y_wind, air_pressure, relative_humidity, air_temperature or cloudiness) unit1 = m = m s-1 # Unit of radius n_quantity # Unit of quantity1 (m =s-1 for velocities, Pa/ 3mbar for air_pressure, % for relative_humidity or cloudiness and Celcius for air_temperature) ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 hours since 2006-01-01 00:00:00 -06:00 # Fixed format: <time> #<time Numberunit> of"since" quantities<date> prescribed<time> in<time thezone> file quantity1101530.000 =101300.000 wind_speed 101600.000 101550.000 101500.000 101300.000 1013300.000 101400.000 # Name of quantity1 quantity2101430.000 =101500.000 wind_from_direction 101130.000 101320.000 101260.000 101620.000 1013400.000 # Name of quantity2 quantity3 101520.000 = TIME air_pressure_drop = 1440 hours since 2006-01-01 00:00:00 -06:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> #"since" Name<date> of<time> quantity3 unit1<time zone> 101298.544 102108.102 = m s-1 101998.521 101928.544 101721.314 101811.152 1013410.400 # Unit of quantity1 unit2101323.214 101430.000 101500.000 = 101130.000 degree 101320.000 101260.000 101620.000 1013400.000 101520.000 |
- Explanation of the data to grid conversion for wind on a separate curvilinear grid.
The first_data_value keyword is used to determine the starting point on the grid. The first_data_value is the first value that is read in the meteo file, i.e. the upper left value in a data block. The keyword has 4 possible values:
grid_llcorner, meaning m = 1, n = 1 (on the curvilinear grid)
grid_lrcorner, meaning m = mmax, n = 1 ( " )
grid_ulcorner, meaning m = 1, n = nmax ( " )
grid_urcorner, meaning m = mmax, n = nmax ( " )
The data_row keyword is then used to determine the direction of placing the data on the grid, i.e. data_row = grid_column means that a row that is read in the meteo file becomes a column in the array on the grid (so fixed m, increasing n).
Example:
| Code Block |
|---|
first_data_value = grid_ll_corner
data_row = grid_column
|
means:
The first read value (top left) of the meteofile coincides with the point (1,1) on the grid. The first row in the meteofile is then the first column on the grid, i.e. (1,1:nmax). The second row is then the second column (2,1:nmax) and so on. See also Figure 2.
Figure 2: Data to grid conversion for wind on a separate curvilinear grid.
- Meteo on a Spiderweb grid:
For meteo on a Spiderweb grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 1 file using the keyword:
Filweb
Meteo on a Spiderweb grid can be added to one of the other wind formats. Near and in the cyclone the winds are added using an averaging algorithm.
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion = 1.02 # Version of meteo input file, to check if the newest file format is used filetype = meteo_on_spiderweb_grid # Type of meteo input file: meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value = -999 # Unit of quantity2 unit3 = Pa # Unit of quantity3 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time difference (time zone) x_spw_eye = 115.4 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.9 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = 5300 # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 155.0000 346.2500 357.5000 8.750000 20.00000 31.25000 42.50000 53.75000 65.00000 76.25000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 TIME = 1440 minutes# since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 Value used for undefined or missing data n_cols # Fixed format: time unit since date time= time difference (time zone) x_spw_eye16 = 114.4000 # Number of columns used for # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye wind datafield n_rows = 400 = 18.90000 # YcoordinateNumber of cyclonerows used eyefor (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIMEwind datafield spw_radius = 600000.00 p_drop_spw_eye = 5300.000 # Radius of spiderweb (in units specified in # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 2.435253rad_unit) spw_rad_unit = m 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 # Unit 2.435253of radius n_quantity 2.435253 = 3 2.435253 65.01978 # 75.11859Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 85.25320 = 95.45370 wind_speed 105.7529 116.1833 126.7762 137.5612 148.5649 159.8090 # 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 Name of quantity1 quantity2 = wind_from_direction # Name of quantity2 quantity3 = p_drop # Name of quantity3 unit1 = m s-1 # Unit of quantity1 unit2 = degree # Unit of quantity2 unit3 = Pa # Unit of quantity3 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> x_spw_eye = 115.4 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.9 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = 5300 # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 155.0000 346.2500 357.5000 8.750000 20.00000 31.25000 42.50000 53.75000 65.00000 76.25000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 TIME = 1440 minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> x_spw_eye = 114.4000 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.90000 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = 5300.000 # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 65.01978 75.11859 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 126.7762 137.5612 148.5649 159.8090 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 |
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- Explanation of the grid definition for wind on a Spiderweb grid.
The Spiderweb grid is defined using the number of rows 'n_rows' and the number of columns 'n_cols'.
The number of rows is used to divide the radius of the Spiderweb in small rings of width spw_radius/n_rows [m].
The number of columns is used to divide the circle in parts with angles of 2*pi/n_cols [rad].
The wind direction is defined according to the nautical convention, i.e. wind from the North has direction 0 degrees and the angle increases when turning clockwise.
If the grid_unit is 'degree' than the coordinates of the Spiderweb/cyclone eye are given in spherical coordinates using keywords 'x_spw_eye' and 'y_spw_eye'.
For each time of the time series, the coordinates of the Spiderweb eye and the pressure drop in the eye must be specified.