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Target values for groundwater recharge depend on the existing and the desired groundwater levels that result from overall groundwater recharge, groundwater abstraction and groundwater drainage next to local subsurface conditions and surface water levels. Setting a target value for groundwater recharge requires a groundwater system analysis using a detailed groundwater model would be required.
Cool spots
Cool spots are areas where people like to be on hot days. Metric for heat stress reduction is the number of cool areas that
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is created in a project area by applying adaptation measures.
To qualify as a cool spot, adaptation measures should be over 200 m2 and have a significant cooling effect
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.
Measures that
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have a significant cooling effect are:
- Adding trees to streetscape
- Fountains, waterfalls, water facades
- Urban forests
- Tree pit bio retention
- Creating shadow
- Urban parks
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