...
Because of the use of an unstructured grid which allows for the local grid refinement, GTSM has a uniquely high resolution near the coasts but it is also computationally very efficient. This high coastal resolution makes GTSM very suitable to analyse extreme events. The grid is automatically generated with refinements near the coasts and in areas with a steep topography. The physical processes that are modelled are tidal forcing, bottom friction dissipation, self-attraction and loading, and internal tide friction dissipation. The internal tides are simulated with a 2D parameterization of density-driven internal waves, which is mainly relevant at steep topographies. The bathymetry consists of a combination of EMODNET (Europe), GEBCO (the rest of the globe), Bedmap2 (Antarctic), and several other local datasets.
Grid of the Global Tide and Surge Model for Southeast Asia.
The development of GTSM is ongoing and a continuous effort. Version 1 of the model was developed in 2014, while currently version 4.1 is the latest released version and version 5 is in development. As summarized in the table below, the performance of GTSM is excellent for a global model and still improving with every new version of the model. Model developments include: increases in spatial resolution, better representation of physical processes, inclusion of improved input datasets, and improved calibration. The figure below shows the performance of the latest version of the model compared to the FES2014 model for tides. It clearly shows how the model performance is varying depending on the location with a very good agreement in the deep ocean and larger deviations from FES2014 in coastal areas.
...