Deltares Salinisation wiki

Work in process!

To receive some information on the models on the map: click on the map and select the model of interest:

Software for large-scale models for groundwater flow and salt transport modelling:

  • Salinity models: SEAWAT based iMOD-WQ (parallel): Verkaik, J., Engelen, J. Van, Huizer, S., Bierkens, M. F. P., Lin, H. X., Van Engelen, J., Huizer, S., Bierkens, M. F. P., Lin, H. X., & Oude Essink, G. H. P. (2021). Distributed memory parallel computing of three-dimensional variable-density groundwater flow and salt transport. Advances in Water Resources, 154, 103976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.103976
  • For the database with some 1600 articles on groundwater salinisation, link here.



Area

Name and some technical model details

Level model in applicability, given e.g. calibration status

(1=basis, 4=high)

Brief descriptionPart of:References
0. Global, quantity onlyGLOBGM, 2024, 1*1km2, 2 model layers, transient 3

As a first new enabled application, GLOBGM was developed, the world's first time-dependent global groundwater model with a resolution of 30 arc seconds (~1 km). The METIS graph partitioner was applied in both a straightforward and (hydrological) area-based manner. Three continental-scale groundwater models and one for all the smaller islands were derived, for a total of 278 million grid cells. Necessarily, parallel pre-processing of input data was applied. With a relatively low number of cores (up to 382 cores; with a speedup of 138 with 224 cores for Afro-Eurasia), 58 years could be computed in parallel in one night. This demonstrated that GLOBGM could also be used by modelers who do not have access to very large computer clusters.

PhD Thesis Jarno Verkaik
Quantitattive models: MODFLOW6: Verkaik, J., Sutanudjaja, E. H., Oude Essink, G. H. P., Lin, H. X., & Bierkens, M. F. P. (2024). GLOBGM v1.0: a parallel implementation of a 30 arcsec PCR-GLOBWB-MODFLOW global-scale groundwater model. Geoscientific Model Development, 17(275–300). https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-275-2024
1. The NetherlandsLHM fresh-salt model, 2020 250*250m2, 39 model layers4The LHM Fresh-Salt model is a coupled density-dependent groundwater flow and salt transport model, developed in 2020, based on and consistent with the LHM. The LHM Fresh-Salt model simulates the slow movement of groundwater and dissolved salt within the Dutch groundwater system over timescales ranging from decades to centuries. It utilizes the iMOD-WQ software code (which incorporates the SEAWAT software code), enabling the inclusion of the effects of changing density on groundwater flow. The software code is parallelized to perform complex fresh-salt calculations relatively quickly (Verkaik et al., 2021).National water programme
Delsman, J. R., Mulder, T., Verastegui, B. R., Bootsma, H., Zitman, P., Huizer, S., & Oude Essink, G. H. P. (2023). Reproducible construction of a high-resolution national variable-density groundwater salinity model for the Netherlands. Environmental Modelling and Software, 105683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105683
Delsman, J. R., Oude Essink, G. H. P., Huizer, S., Bootsma, H., Mulder, T., Zitman, P., & Romero Verastegui, B. (2020). Actualisatie zout in het NHI - Toolbox NHI zoet-zout modellering en landelijk model. In Deltares rapport 11205261-003-BGS-0001.
2. BangladeshSWIBANGLA model, 2012,  1*1km2, 274x317, 35 model layers2

The project developed a regional 3D variable-density groundwater flow model for the coastal zone of Bangladesh to:

  • Enhance understanding and visualization of regional groundwater dynamics and salinity processes, including surface and subsurface saltwater intrusion, vertical upconing, and storm surge-induced saltwater infiltration.

  • Equip DPHE and other Bangladeshi water managers with a tool to ensure secure water supply amidst ongoing groundwater salinization.

  • Assess the impacts of global and climate change scenarios, including sea level rise.

  • Provide accurate boundary conditions for future local groundwater models

Program for IRC, MSc Thesis Marjolein Vogels
Faneca Sanchez, M., Bashar, K., Janssen, G.M.C.M., Vogels, M., Snel, J., Zhou, Y., Stuurman, R. and Oude Essink, G.H.P., 2015. SWIBANGLA: Managing salt water intrusion impacts in coastal groundwater systems of Bangladesh, p.153.
3. Vietnam, MekongMekong model, 2013, 1*1km2, 371x346, 42 model layers3The 3D variable density groundwater flow and salt transport model for the entire MKD region, including Ho Chi Minh City to analyse, monitor, and quantify the dynamic behaviour of fresh and saline groundwater in the Mekong Delta. The study evaluates the impact of increased groundwater extraction rate during the last 25 years on the salinization of coastal aquifers, which has led to a reduction in the volume of fresh groundwater due to a decrease in hydraulic heads and increased saltwater intrusion.PhD Thesis Hung Van Pham
Gunnink, J. L., Van Pham, H., Oude Essink, G. H. P., & Bierkens, M. F. P. (2021). The 3D groundwater salinity distribution and fresh groundwater volumes in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, inferred from geostatistical analyses. Earth System Science Data, 13(7), 3297–3319. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3297-2021
4. Nile deltaNile Aquifer Delta models3




5. Vietnam, Red RiverMekong model, 2017, 1*1km2, 198x205 grid cells, 10 model layers1

The 3D groundwater flow model for the Red River Delta (RRD) region was tested under four future scenarios:

  1. Constant pumping rates at 2010 levels.
  2. Increased pumping rates aligned with population growth.
  3. Mean sea level rise.
  4. Combined increased pumping rates and MSLR.

Results showed significant groundwater depletion under Hanoi due to excessive groundwater exploitation. The combined impact of overextraction and mean sea level rise led to the greatest reduction in fresh groundwater volume in the coastal aquifers

MSc Thesis Wayangi Lakshani Weeraseker

Wayangi Lakshani Weerasekera, 2017, IHE-Delft, 3D Variable-density Groundwater Modelling of the Red River Delta, Vietnam
6. Irrawaddy, Myanmar2020, 1*1km2,1


MSc Thesis Wouter Goofers

Wouter Goofers, Utrecht University, 2020, Paleo-hydrogeographic reconstruction of the groundwater salinity in the Ayeyarwady Delta, Myanmar, using a 3D variable-density groundwater model
7. Florida, USA2021, 1*1km2,1


MSc Thesis Thijs Hendrikx

Thijs Hendrikx, Utrecht University, 2021, Numerical computation of hurricane-induced saltwater intrusion on fresh groundwater availability in peninsular Florida under different climate scenarios
8. Mississippi, USA2019, 1*1km2,1


MSc Thesis Lennart Brokx

Lennart Brokx, Utrecht University, 2019. Projecting the Effects of Saltwater Intrusion on the Fresh Groundwater Resources of Southeastern Louisiana and the New Orleans Area , USA , based on 3D Variable-Density Groundwater Modelling
9. The Levant, Mediterranean Sea2023, 1*1km2,2


MSc Thesis Mohammed Alkurd

Mohammed M.F. Alkurd, IHE-Delft, 2023, Paleo-hydrogeographical model for the Levant applying 3D supra-regional coastal groundwater modelling approach.
10. Java, Indonesia2024, 1*1km2,1


MSc Thesis Wahdan Syaehuddin

Syaehuddin, W. A. Wageningen University, 2024, 3D Supra-regional coastal groundwater model: case of Java island.
11. Bangkok, Praya Chao River Delta2024, 1*1km2,1




12. Coastal Flanders, Belgium
2




13. Multiple deltaic areas


a.o. PhD Thesis Joeri Van Engelen, MSc Thesis Tobias Mulder


14. Jurong Island, Singapora







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