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H1320
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Spartina
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swards
General
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Description habitat
This habitat type includes Perennial pioneer grasslands of coastal salt muds, formed by Spartina or similar grasses. It belongs to the class (Spartinion). Characteristic species are Small Cordgrass (Spartinetum maritimae) and Common Cordgrass (Spartinetum townsendii).
General occurrence
Spartina Swards can be found on saltmarshes in the lower areas, mainly on the transition of saltmarshes and mudflats. In The Netherlands, it is found in the Oosterscheldebekken. Well-developed versions of this habitat type occur in all sheltered coastal zones of the Wadden Sea area and the Deltas of Zeeland and South-Holland. A large Saginion covered area can be found in Grevelingen on dry sandflats #1.
Environmental conditions
Spartina Swards prefer soft and salty soil. In the Netherlands, it needs salt to growth. The soil is silt rich #6.
Spartina Swards is adapted to anoxic circumstances. The species has aerial roots to transport air to the roots #6. It can thus endure deeper and longer inundation during the growing season. The average inundation depth at high water can be up to 1 metre, the average inundation length up to 6 hour. According to measurement data of the Haringvliet #3 this type can be found between the mean low water line (MLW) and the mean high water line (MHW), especially between half tide and MHW. Between MLW and half tide, mostly silt can be found and occasionally H1310 and H1320.
Erosion by, for instance, wave impact and current, restricts the colonisation by Spartina Swards. However, once it is settled, it can better withstand erosion. Spartina Swards is very sensitive to wave impact, so it only occurs on sheltered locations. If dynamics are high, vegetation cannot survive resulting in a bare beach. Habitat type H1320 is more vulnerable to high dynamics (maximum moderate dynamics) than (H1310).
The chloride concentrations as referred to in literature, vary between 0.3gCl/L and 70gCl/L #3, #4, #5.
Control and growth opportunities
In grazed areas, open spots in Spartina Swards fields are sometimes colonised by seaside alkaligrass (Puccinellia maritima) and the latter can slowly cover the entire area. In case of further silt up, this vegetation transfers into Plantagini-Limonietum (class of sea lavender and Sea Plantain). Puccinellinetum maritimae can survive for a long time in grazed areas #3. In ungrazed areas, it often is replaced by sea clubrush (Bolboschoenus maritimus).
Dose-effect relations
Flowchart
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h1. General {section}{column:width=80%} || General characteristics || || | Common name | Spartina swards | | Region | The Netherlands | | Water system |Coastal and transitional waters | | Nature parameter | Habitat types | |HR nr| H1320| | Fact sheet by | M. Haasnoot |{column}{column:width=20%} {column}{section} h1. Description habitat This habitat type includes Perennial pioneer grasslands of coastal salt muds, formed by Spartina or similar grasses. It belongs to the class (_Spartinion_). Characteristic species are Small Cordgrass (_Spartinetum maritimae_) and Common Cordgrass (_Spartinetum townsendii_). h3. General occurrence Spartina Swards can be found on saltmarshes in the lower areas, mainly on the transition of saltmarshes and mudflats. In The Netherlands, it is found in the Oosterscheldebekken. Well-developed versions of this habitat type occur in all sheltered coastal zones of the Wadden Sea area and the Deltas of Zeeland and South-Holland. A large Saginion covered area can be found in Grevelingen on dry sandflats [#1]. h3. Environmental conditions Spartina Swards prefer soft and salty soil. In the Netherlands, it needs salt to growth. The soil is silt rich [#6]. Spartina Swards is adapted to anoxic circumstances. The species has aerial roots to transport air to the roots [#6]. It can thus endure deeper and longer inundation during the growing season. The average inundation depth at high water can be up to 1 metre, the average inundation length up to 6 hour. According to measurement data of the Haringvliet [#3] this type can be found between the mean low water line (MLW) and the mean high water line (MHW), especially between half tide and MHW. Between MLW and half tide, mostly silt can be found and occasionally H1310 and H1320. Erosion by, for instance, wave impact and current, restricts the colonisation by Spartina Swards. However, once it is settled, it can better withstand erosion. Spartina Swards is very sensitive to wave impact, so it only occurs on sheltered locations. If dynamics are high, vegetation cannot survive resulting in a bare beach. Habitat type H1320 is more vulnerable to high dynamics (maximum moderate dynamics) than (H1310). The chloride concentrations as referred to in literature, vary between 0.3gCl/L and 70gCl/L [#3], [#4], [#5]. h3. Control and growth opportunities In grazed areas, open spots in Spartina Swards fields are sometimes colonised by seaside alkaligrass (_Puccinellia maritima_) and the latter can slowly cover the entire area. In case of further silt up, this vegetation transfers into Plantagini-Limonietum (class of sea lavender and Sea Plantain). Puccinellinetum maritimae can survive for a long time in grazed areas [#3]. In ungrazed areas, it often is replaced by sea clubrush (_Bolboschoenus maritimus_). h1. Dose-effect relations \\ h4. Flowchart \\ {flowchart}graph[ rankdir=LR] nodesep=0.5 "node0" [ label = "Water depth|Salinity|Dynamics" shape = "record" ]; "node3" [ label = "HAI general" shape = "record" ]; "node0":f1-> "node3" [style=italic,label="minimum"] [ id = 2 ]; {flowchart} \\ h4. |
Doses-effect
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relations
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Uncertainty and validation
These dose-effect relations have not been validated.
Applicability
These dose-effect relations apply to banks of salt and brackish waters.
Example project
At present, there is no example of a project available.
References
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