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input files containing meteorological time series such as wind velocity, air pressure, air temperature. |
Space varying wind and pressure input files (meteofiles)
Wind input files
At present, for different wind meteo input files, different headers are used, which are read in different ways in the sourcecodesource code. Some effeort effort has been put to in making the files more self-descriptive, readible readable and to make the input of the different files more consistent. For three four wind-input options, a suggestion to standardise the headers is shown below. The suggestion is conform a possible transition to NetCDF format in the future. See NetCDF standard names for more information on the used standard NetCDF names. For Pseudo ArcInfo wind, wind meteo on the FLOW grid, meteo on an equidistant (rectilinear or spherical) grid, meteo on a separate curvi-linear curvilinear grid and Spiderweb wind three meteo on a Spiderweb grid, examples of input files are shown below.
- Keywords are case INsensitive.
- Comments are indicated by a #
...
- .
- The keyword FileVersion (= 1.02) must be the first keyword, the order of the other keywords is free to choose.
- The pressure correction on boundaries using Paver and Pcorr, which used to be prescribed in the air pressure meteo file, has been moved to the MD-File. The correction is specified using the keyword:
PavBnd (P average on Boundaries). This average pressure is applied on all boundaries to reduce pressure gradients there. The average pressure needs to be specified in Pascals.
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- Meteo on the FLOW grid:
For meteo on the FLOW grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 1 file, using the keyword:
Filwnd
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER
### This file is created by Deltares
FileVersion = 1.02 |
- Pseudo ArcInfo wind:
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### Additional commments meteotype = arcinfo # Type of meteo input file: curvi, arcinfo or spiderweb time_definition = minutes since 2007-10-08 15:24:00 -02:00 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time difference (time zone) NODATA_value = -999.000 # Value used for undefined or missing data n_cols = 400 # Number of columns used# forVersion wind datafield n_rows = 16of meteo input file, to check if the newest file format is used filetype = meteo_on_flow_grid # NumberType of rowsmeteo usedinput for wind datafield grid_unit file: meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value = degree-9.9900000E+02 # Value used for undefined or missing #data n_quantity Unit of distances on the grid= in both x- and y-direction #grid_unit3 = m x_llcorner = -12.000 # Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 = # Xcoordinate of lower left corner of grid (in units specified in grid_unit) y_llcorner x_wind = 48.000 # Name of quantity1 quantity2 = y_wind # Ycoordinate of lower left corner of grid (in units specified in grid_unit) value_pos = centre # Name of quantity2 quantity3 = air_pressure # Location where the data is specified in a cell (centre or corner) #value_pos = corner # Name of quantity3 unit1 = m s-1 dx = 0.12500 # Unit of quantity1 unit2 = #m Grids-1 dimensions: dx and dy (in units specified in grid_unit) dy = 0.083333333 # Unit of quantity2 unit3 = mbar n_quantity = 3 # Unit of quantity3 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 minutes since # Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity12008-01-08 00:00:00 +00:00 = x_wind # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -8.6049000E+00 # Name of quantity1 #quantity1 = y_wind # Name of quantity1 #quantity1 = air_pressure # Name of quantity1 unit1-1.0240000E+01 -5.4150000E+00 -1.8900000E+00 -2.9040000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 TIME = 660 minutes since 2008-01-08 00:00:00 +00:00 # =Fixed format: <time> <time m s-1 unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -2.3290000E+00 -9.0440000E+00 -1.3230000E+01 -8.3310000E+00 -6.9210000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -1.0000000E+01 -1.1000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -1.5000000E+01 -1.8000000E+01 -1.4000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -0.8000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -1.6000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -0.7000000E+01 -0.4000000E+01 0.0000000E+00 -0.3000000E+01 1.0130000E+03 1.0140000E+03 1.0140000E+03 1.0160000E+03 1.0120000E+03 1.0120000E+03 1.0180000E+03 1.0200000E+03 1.0160000E+03 1.0140000E+03 1.0110000E+03 1.0130000E+03 1.0110000E+03 1.0180000E+03 1.0150000E+03 1.0130000E+03 |
- Meteo on an equidistant grid:
For meteo on an equidistant grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 3 separate files using the keywords:
Filwu
Filwv
Filwp
and Filwr, Filwt, Filwc for relative humidity, air temperature and cloudiness respectively.
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion = 1.02# Unit of quantity1 #unit1 = Pa # Unit of quantity1 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0.0000000E+00 # Time where first dataset is supplied 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 # 1.388999Version of meteo input file, to check 1.388999if the newest file format 155.0000 is used filetype 346.2500 = 357.5000meteo_on_equidistant_grid 8.750000 20.00000 31.25000 # 42.50000Type of meteo input file: meteo_on_flow_grid, 53.75000 meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value 65.00000= -9999.000 76.25000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000# Value used for undefined or 5300.000missing data n_cols 5300.000 = 5300.000 400 5300.000 TIME = 1440 # Number of columns used for wind datafield n_rows = 16 # Time where next dataset is supplied 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 # Number 2.435253of rows used for wind datafield grid_unit 2.435253 = 2.435253 degree 2.435253 65.01978 75.11859 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 # Unit of distances on 126.7762the grid in both x- and 137.5612 y-direction: m or degree x_llcorner 148.5649 = 159-12.8090000 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 # Xcoordinate 5298.544of lower left corner of grid 5298.544 (in units specified in grid_unit) y_llcorner 5298.544 = 529848.544000 |
- Wind on a separate curvi-linear grid:
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### Additional commments meteotype = curvi # Ycoordinate of lower left corner of grid (in units specified in grid_unit) value_pos = centre # Type of meteo input file: curvi, arcinfo or spiderweb time_definition = hours since 2006-01-01 00:00:00 -06:00 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time# differenceCoordinates (timegiven zone) NODATA_value = -999.000in centre or corner of lower left cell? dx = 0.12500 # Value used for undefined or missing data curvi_grid_file = hirlam.grd # Grid dimensions: dx and dy (in units specified in grid_unit) dy = 0.083333333 # Separate (curvi-linear) grid on which the wind can be specified data_order = m_first n_quantity = 1 # m_first or n_first data order row_order = reversed # Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 = x_wind # normal or reversed row order column_order = normal # Name of quantity1 (x_wind, y_wind or air_pressure) unit1 = #m normals-1 or reversed column order n_quantity = 1 # Unit of quantity1 (m s-1 for velocities or Pa/mbar for air_pressure) ### END OF HEADER TIME # Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 = 0 minutes =since 2007-10-08 15:24:00 x_wind-02:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 # Name of quantity1 #quantity1 1.388999 =1.388999 y_wind 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 # Name of quantity1 #quantity1 2.388999 = 2.388999 air_pressure 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 3.388999 # Name of quantity1 unit1 3.388999 3.388999 = m s-13.388999 3.388999 3.388999 3.388999 3.388999 3.388999 3.388999 TIME # Unit of quantity1 #unit1 = 1440 Paminutes since 2007-10-08 15:24:00 -02:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 2.435253 2.435253 5.435253 1.435253 # Unit of quantity1 ### END OF HEADER TIME 3.435253 4.435253 2.435253 = 02.0000000E+00557653 2.412253 2.435255 1.435253 2.435253 1.435253 # Time where first dataset is supplied 1.388999 2.435253 1.388999435253 12.388999435253 1.388999435253 1.388999435253 12.388999435253 1.388999435251 14.388999435253 14.388999435253 1.388999435253 155.0000 346.25003.355253 3573.5000456253 85.750000425253 201.00000223453 315.25000523341 425.50000521246 533.75000255258 65.00000 76.25000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 TIME |
- Explanation of the data to grid conversion for meteo on an equidistant grid
For meteo on an equidistant grid the orientation of the data is the same as the grid (visually). The first data value is thus located at the grid at (1,nmax). A line is then read as a row on the grid and the second line in the dataset is row nmax-1 on the grid. See also figure 1.
Figure 1: Data to grid conversion for meteo on an equidistant grid.
- Meteo on a separate curvilinear grid:
For meteo on a separate curvilinear grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 3 separate files using the keywords:
Fwndgu
Fwndgv
Fwndgp
and Fwndgr, Fwndgt, Fwndgc for relative humidity, air temperature and cloudiness respectively.
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion = 1.02 = 1440 # Version of meteo input file, to check if the newest # Time where next datasetfile format is suppliedused filetype 2.435253 2.435253 = meteo_on_curvilinear_grid 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 # Type of 2.435253meteo input file: 2.435253 meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value 2.435253= -999.999 2.435253 65.01978 75.11859 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 # Value used for undefined or 126.7762 missing data grid_file 137.5612 = 148hirlam.5649grd 159.8090 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 # Separate (curvi-linear) grid on 5298.544which the wind can be specified first_data_value = 5298.544 grid_llcorner 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 |
- Spiderweb wind:
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### Additional commments meteotype # = spiderwebOptions: grid_llcorner, grid_ul_corner, grid_lrcorner or grid_urcorner data_row = grid_row # Type of meteo input file: curvi, arcinfo or spiderweb time_definition = # minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 Options: grid_row or grid_col. For switching rows and columns. n_quantity #= Fixed format: time unit1 since date time time difference (time zone) NODATA_value = -999.000 # Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 # Value used for= undefined or missing data nx_colswind = 400 # Name of quantity1 (x_wind, y_wind, air_pressure, relative_humidity, air_temperature or cloudiness) unit1 # Number of columns used= for wind datafield n_rows m s-1 = 16 # Unit of quantity1 (m s-1 for velocities, Pa/ mbar for air_pressure, % for relative_humidity #or Numbercloudiness ofand rowsCelcius used for wind datafield spw_radius air_temperature) ### END OF HEADER TIME = 600000.00 = 0 hours since 2006-01-01 00:00:00 -06:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 101530.000 # Radius of101300.000 spiderweb (in units specified in rad_unit) spw_rad_unit 101600.000 = m101550.000 101500.000 101300.000 1013300.000 101400.000 101430.000 101500.000 101130.000 # Unit of radius n_quantity 101320.000 = 101260.000 3 101620.000 1013400.000 101520.000 TIME = 1440 hours since 2006-01-01 00:00:00 -06:00 # Number of quantities prescribed in the# file quantity1Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> =<time> <time zone> wind_speed 101298.544 102108.102 101998.521 101928.544 101721.314 101811.152 1013410.400 # Name of quantity1 quantity2 =101323.214 101430.000 wind_from_direction 101500.000 101130.000 101320.000 101260.000 101620.000 # Name of quantity2 quantity3 1013400.000 101520.000 |
- Explanation of the data to grid conversion for wind on a separate curvilinear grid.
The first_data_value keyword is used to determine the starting point on the grid. The first_data_value is the first value that is read in the meteo file, i.e. the upper left value in a data block. The keyword has 4 possible values:
grid_llcorner, meaning m = 1, n = 1 (on the curvilinear grid)
grid_lrcorner, meaning m = mmax, n = 1 ( " )
grid_ulcorner, meaning m = 1, n = nmax ( " )
grid_urcorner, meaning m = mmax, n = nmax ( " )
The data_row keyword is then used to determine the direction of placing the data on the grid, i.e. data_row = grid_column means that a row that is read in the meteo file becomes a column in the array on the grid (so fixed m, increasing n).
Example:
| Code Block |
|---|
first_data_value = grid_ll_corner
data_row = grid_column
|
means:
The first read value (top left) of the meteofile coincides with the point (1,1) on the grid. The first row in the meteofile is then the first column on the grid, i.e. (1,1:nmax). The second row is then the second column (2,1:nmax) and so on. See also Figure 2.
Figure 2: Data to grid conversion for wind on a separate curvilinear grid.
- Meteo on a Spiderweb grid:
For meteo on a Spiderweb grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 1 file using the keyword:
Filweb
Meteo on a Spiderweb grid can be added to one of the other wind formats. Near and in the cyclone the winds are added using an averaging algorithm.
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion = 1.02 # Version of meteo input file, to check if the newest file format is used filetype = meteo_on_spiderweb_grid # Type of meteo input file: meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value = -999= air_pressure_drop # Name of quantity3 unit1 = m s-1 # Unit of quantity1 unit2 = degree # Unit of quantity2 unit3 = Pa # Unit of quantity3 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0.0000000E+00 # Time where first dataset is supplied x_spw_eye = 115.4 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.9 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = 5300 # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 155.0000 346.2500 357.5000 8.750000 20.00000 31.25000 42.50000 53.75000 65.00000 76.25000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 TIME # Value =used for undefined or 1440missing data n_cols = 16 # Time where next dataset is supplied x_spw_eye = 114.4000 # Number of columns used for wind datafield n_rows = 400 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.90000 # Number of rows used for wind datafield spw_radius = 600000.00 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = # 5300.000Radius of spiderweb (in units specified in rad_unit) spw_rad_unit = m # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 2.435253 2.435253 # Unit of 2.435253 radius n_quantity 2.435253 = 3 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 # Number of 2.435253quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 65.01978 75.11859= wind_speed 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 126.7762 137.5612 # Name 148.5649of quantity1 quantity2 159.8090 = 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 wind_from_direction # Name of quantity2 quantity3 = p_drop # Name of quantity3 unit1 = m s-1 # Unit of quantity1 unit2 = degree # Unit of quantity2 unit3 = Pa # Unit of quantity3 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> x_spw_eye = 115.4 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.9 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = 5300 # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 155.0000 346.2500 357.5000 8.750000 20.00000 31.25000 42.50000 53.75000 65.00000 76.25000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 TIME = 1440 minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> x_spw_eye = 114.4000 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.90000 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = 5300.000 # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 65.01978 75.11859 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 126.7762 137.5612 148.5649 159.8090 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 |
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- Explanation of the grid definition for wind on a Spiderweb grid.
The Spiderweb grid is defined using the number of rows 'n_rows' and the number of columns 'n_cols'.
The number of rows is used to divide the radius of the Spiderweb in small rings of width spw_radius/n_rows [m].
The number of columns is used to divide the circle in parts with angles of 2*pi/n_cols [rad].
The wind direction is defined according to the nautical convention, i.e. wind from the North has direction 0 degrees and the angle increases when turning clockwise.
If the grid_unit is 'degree' than the coordinates of the Spiderweb/cyclone eye are given in spherical coordinates using keywords 'x_spw_eye' and 'y_spw_eye'.
For each time of the time series, the coordinates of the Spiderweb eye and the pressure drop in the eye must be specified.