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input files containing meteorological time series such as wind velocity, air pressure, air temperature. |
Space varying wind and pressure input files (meteofiles)
Wind input files
At present, for different wind meteo input files, different headers are used, which are read in different ways in the sourcecodesource code. Some effeort effort has been put to in making the files more self-descriptive, readible readable and to make the input of the different files more consistent. For three four wind-input options, a suggestion to standardise the headers is shown below. The suggestion is conform a possible transition to NetCDF format in the future. See NetCDF standard names for more information on the used standard NetCDF names. For Pseudo ArcInfo wind, wind meteo on the FLOW grid, meteo on an equidistant (rectilinear or spherical) grid, meteo on a separate curvi-linear curvilinear grid and Spiderweb wind three meteo on a Spiderweb grid, examples of input files are shown below.
- Keywords are case INsensitive.
- Comments are indicated by a #
...
- .
- The keyword FileVersion (= 1.02) must be the first keyword, the order of the other keywords is free to choose.
- The pressure correction on boundaries using Paver and Pcorr, which used to be prescribed in the air pressure meteo file, has been moved to the MD-File. The correction is specified using the keyword:
PavBnd (P average on Boundaries). This average pressure is applied on all boundaries to reduce pressure gradients there. The average pressure needs to be specified in Pascals.
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- Meteo on the FLOW grid:
For meteo on the FLOW grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 1 file, using the keyword:
Filwnd
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER
### This file is created by Deltares
FileVersion = 1.02 |
- Pseudo ArcInfo wind:
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### Additional commments meteotype = arcinfo # Type of meteo input file: curvi, arcinfo or spiderweb time_definition = minutes since 2007-10-08 15:24:00 -02:00 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time difference (time zone) NODATA_value = -999.000 # Value used for undefined or missing data n_cols = 400 # Number of columns used# forVersion wind datafield n_rows = 16of meteo input file, to check if the newest file format is used filetype = meteo_on_flow_grid # NumberType of rowsmeteo usedinput for wind datafield grid_unit file: meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value = degree-9.9900000E+02 # Value used for undefined or missing #data n_quantity Unit of distances on the grid= in both x- and y-direction #grid_unit3 = m x_llcorner = -12.000 # Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 = # Xcoordinate of lower left corner of grid (in units specified in grid_unit) y_llcorner x_wind = 48.000 # Name of quantity1 quantity2 = y_wind # Ycoordinate of lower left corner of grid (in units specified in grid_unit) value_pos = centre # Name of quantity2 quantity3 = air_pressure # Location where the data is specified in a cell (centre or corner) #value_pos = corner # Name of quantity3 unit1 = m s-1 dx = 0.12500 # Unit of quantity1 unit2 = #m Grids-1 dimensions: dx and dy (in units specified in grid_unit) dy = 0.083333333 # Unit of quantity2 unit3 = mbar n_quantity = 3 # Unit of quantity3 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 minutes since # Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity12008-01-08 00:00:00 +00:00 = x_wind # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -8.6049000E+00 # Name of quantity1 #quantity1 = y_wind # Name of quantity1 #quantity1 = air_pressure # Name of quantity1 unit1-1.0240000E+01 -5.4150000E+00 -1.8900000E+00 -2.9040000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 TIME = 660 minutes since 2008-01-08 00:00:00 +00:00 # =Fixed format: <time> <time m s-1 unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -2.3290000E+00 -9.0440000E+00 -1.3230000E+01 -8.3310000E+00 -6.9210000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -1.0000000E+01 -1.1000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -1.5000000E+01 -1.8000000E+01 -1.4000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -0.8000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -1.6000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -0.7000000E+01 -0.4000000E+01 0.0000000E+00 -0.3000000E+01 1.0130000E+03 1.0140000E+03 1.0140000E+03 1.0160000E+03 1.0120000E+03 1.0120000E+03 1.0180000E+03 1.0200000E+03 1.0160000E+03 1.0140000E+03 1.0110000E+03 1.0130000E+03 1.0110000E+03 1.0180000E+03 1.0150000E+03 1.0130000E+03 |
- Meteo on an equidistant grid:
For meteo on an equidistant grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 3 separate files using the keywords:
Filwu
Filwv
Filwp
and Filwr, Filwt, Filwc for relative humidity, air temperature and cloudiness respectively.
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion = 1.02# Unit of quantity1 #unit1 = Pa # Unit of quantity1 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0.0000000E+00 # Time where first dataset is supplied 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 # 1.388999Version of meteo input file, to check 1.388999if the newest file format 155.0000 is used filetype 346.2500 = 357.5000meteo_on_equidistant_grid 8.750000 20.00000 31.25000 # 42.50000Type of meteo input file: meteo_on_flow_grid, 53.75000 meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value 65.00000= -9999.000 76.25000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000# Value used for undefined or 5300.000missing data n_cols 5300.000 = 5300.000 400 5300.000 TIME = 1440 # Number of columns used for wind datafield n_rows = 16 # Time where next dataset is supplied 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 # Number 2.435253of rows used for wind datafield grid_unit 2.435253 = 2.435253 degree 2.435253 65.01978 75.11859 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 # Unit of distances on 126.7762the grid in both x- and 137.5612 y-direction: m or degree x_llcorner 148.5649 = 159-12.8090000 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 # Xcoordinate 5298.544of lower left corner of grid 5298.544 (in units specified in grid_unit) y_llcorner 5298.544 = 529848.544000 |
- Wind on a separate curvi-linear grid:
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### Additional commments meteotype = curvi # Ycoordinate of lower left corner of grid (in units specified in grid_unit) value_pos = centre # Type of meteo input file: curvi, arcinfo or spiderweb time_definition = hours since 2006-01-01 00:00:00 -06:00 # Fixed format: time unit since date# timeCoordinates timegiven differencein (timecentre zone) NODATA_value =or corner of lower left cell? dx -999.000 = 0.12500 # Value used for undefined or missing data curvi_grid_file = hirlam.grd # Grid dimensions: dx and dy (in units specified in grid_unit) dy = 0.083333333 # Separate (curvi-linear) grid on which the wind can be specified first_data_value = grid_llcorner n_quantity = 1 # Options: grid_llcorner, grid_ul_corner, grid_lrcorner or grid_urcorner data_row = grid_row # Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 = x_wind # Options: grid_row or grid_col. For switching rows and columns. n_quantity = 1 # Name of quantity1 (x_wind, y_wind or air_pressure) unit1 = m s-1 # Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 = x_wind # Unit of quantity1 (m s-1 for velocities or Pa/mbar for air_pressure) ### END OF HEADER TIME # Name of quantity1 #quantity1= 0 minutes since 2007-10-08 =15:24:00 -02:00 y_wind # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 # Name1.388999 of quantity1 #quantity1 1.388999 = 1.388999 air_pressure 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 2.388999 2.388999 #2.388999 Name of quantity1 unit1 2.388999 2.388999 = m s-1 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 3.388999 3.388999 # Unit3.388999 of quantity1 #unit1 3.388999 =3.388999 Pa 3.388999 3.388999 3.388999 3.388999 3.388999 TIME = #1440 Unitminutes of quantity1 ### END OF HEADER TIMEsince 2007-10-08 15:24:00 -02:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time =unit> "since" <date> <time> 0.0000000E+00<time zone> 2.435253 2.435253 5.435253 1.435253 3.435253 4.435253 # Time where first dataset is supplied 1.3889992.435253 12.388999557653 12.388999412253 12.388999435255 1.388999435253 12.388999435253 1.388999435253 12.388999435253 1.388999435253 12.388999 435253 155.0000 346.25001.435253 3571.5000435253 82.750000435253 201.00000435251 314.25000435253 424.50000435253 531.75000435253 653.00000355253 763.25000456253 53005.000425253 53001.000223453 53005.000523341 53005.000521246 53003.000255258 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 TIME = 1440 |
- Explanation of the data to grid conversion for meteo on an equidistant grid
For meteo on an equidistant grid the orientation of the data is the same as the grid (visually). The first data value is thus located at the grid at (1,nmax). A line is then read as a row on the grid and the second line in the dataset is row nmax-1 on the grid. See also figure 1.
Figure 1: Data to grid conversion for meteo on an equidistant grid.
- Meteo on a separate curvilinear grid:
For meteo on a separate curvilinear grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 3 separate files using the keywords:
Fwndgu
Fwndgv
Fwndgp
and Fwndgr, Fwndgt, Fwndgc for relative humidity, air temperature and cloudiness respectively.
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion = 1.02 # Time where next dataset is supplied 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 # Version of meteo input 2.435253file, to check if the newest file 2.435253format is used filetype 2.435253 = 2.435253 meteo_on_curvilinear_grid 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 65.01978 # Type of meteo input 75.11859 85.25320 file: meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value = 95.45370-999.999 105.7529 116.1833 126.7762 137.5612 148.5649 159.8090# Value used for undefined 5298.544or missing data grid_file 5298.544 = 5298hirlam.544grd 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544# Separate (curvi-linear) grid on 5298.544 |
- Spiderweb wind:
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### Additional commments meteotypewhich the wind can be specified first_data_value = grid_llcorner = spiderweb # Options: grid_llcorner, grid_ul_corner, grid_lrcorner or grid_urcorner data_row = # Type of meteogrid_row input file: curvi, arcinfo or spiderweb time_definition = minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time difference (time zone) NODATA_value =# Options: grid_row or -999grid_col.000 For switching rows and columns. n_quantity = 1 # Value used for undefined or missing data n_cols = 400 # Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 = x_wind # Number of columns used for wind datafield n_rows = # Name of 16quantity1 (x_wind, y_wind, air_pressure, relative_humidity, air_temperature or cloudiness) unit1 = m s-1 # Number of rows used for wind datafield spw_radius = 600000.00 # Unit of quantity1 (m s-1 for velocities, Pa/ mbar for air_pressure, % for relative_humidity or cloudiness and Celcius for air_temperature) ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 #hours Radius of spiderweb (in units specified in rad_unit) spw_rad_unitsince 2006-01-01 00:00:00 -06:00 = # mFixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 101530.000 101300.000 101600.000 101550.000 101500.000 101300.000 # Unit1013300.000 of radius n_quantity 101400.000 = 3 101430.000 101500.000 101130.000 101320.000 101260.000 101620.000 1013400.000 101520.000 # Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1TIME = wind_speed = 1440 hours since 2006-01-01 00:00:00 -06:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 101298.544 102108.102 # Name of quantity1 quantity2 101998.521 =101928.544 wind_from_direction 101721.314 101811.152 1013410.400 101323.214 101430.000 101500.000 # Name of quantity2 quantity3 101130.000 = air_pressure_drop101320.000 101260.000 101620.000 1013400.000 101520.000 |
- Explanation of the data to grid conversion for wind on a separate curvilinear grid.
The first_data_value keyword is used to determine the starting point on the grid. The first_data_value is the first value that is read in the meteo file, i.e. the upper left value in a data block. The keyword has 4 possible values:
grid_llcorner, meaning m = 1, n = 1 (on the curvilinear grid)
grid_lrcorner, meaning m = mmax, n = 1 ( " )
grid_ulcorner, meaning m = 1, n = nmax ( " )
grid_urcorner, meaning m = mmax, n = nmax ( " )
The data_row keyword is then used to determine the direction of placing the data on the grid, i.e. data_row = grid_column means that a row that is read in the meteo file becomes a column in the array on the grid (so fixed m, increasing n).
Example:
| Code Block |
|---|
first_data_value = grid_ll_corner
data_row = grid_column
|
means:
The first read value (top left) of the meteofile coincides with the point (1,1) on the grid. The first row in the meteofile is then the first column on the grid, i.e. (1,1:nmax). The second row is then the second column (2,1:nmax) and so on. See also Figure 2.
Figure 2: Data to grid conversion for wind on a separate curvilinear grid.
- Meteo on a Spiderweb grid:
For meteo on a Spiderweb grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 1 file using the keyword:
Filweb
Meteo on a Spiderweb grid can be added to one of the other wind formats. Near and in the cyclone the winds are added using an averaging algorithm.
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion = 1.02 # Name of quantity3 unit1 = m s-1 # Unit of quantity1 unit2 = degree # Unit of quantity2 unit3 = Pa # Unit of quantity3 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0.0000000E+00 # Time where first dataset is supplied x_spw_eye = 115.4 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.9 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = 5300 # Version of meteo input file, to check if the newest file format is used filetype # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb= centre) at specified TIME 1.388999 meteo_on_spiderweb_grid 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 # Type 1.388999of meteo input file: meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, 1.388999 meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value = 1.388999 -999.000 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 155.0000 346.2500 357.5000 # 8.750000Value used for undefined or missing 20.00000data n_cols 31.25000 = 42.50000 16 53.75000 65.00000 76.25000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 # Number of columns 5300.000used for wind datafield n_rows 5300.000 5300.000 = 400 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 TIME = 1440 # Number of rows used for wind datafield spw_radius = 600000.00 # Time where next dataset is supplied x_spw_eye = 114.4000 # Radius of spiderweb (in units specified in rad_unit) spw_rad_unit = m # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.90000 # Unit of radius n_quantity = 3 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = 5300.000 # Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 = wind_speed # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 2.435253 2.435253 # Name 2.435253 of quantity1 quantity2 2.435253 = 2.435253wind_from_direction 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 # Name 2.435253of quantity2 quantity3 65.01978 = 75.11859 p_drop # Name of quantity3 unit1 85.25320 95.45370= m s-1 105.7529 116.1833 126.7762 137.5612 148.5649 159.8090 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 # Unit of quantity1 unit2 = degree # Unit of quantity2 unit3 = Pa # Unit of quantity3 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> x_spw_eye = 115.4 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.9 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = 5300 # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 155.0000 346.2500 357.5000 8.750000 20.00000 31.25000 42.50000 53.75000 65.00000 76.25000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 TIME = 1440 minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> x_spw_eye = 114.4000 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.90000 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = 5300.000 # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 65.01978 75.11859 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 126.7762 137.5612 148.5649 159.8090 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 |
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- Explanation of the grid definition for wind on a Spiderweb grid.
The Spiderweb grid is defined using the number of rows 'n_rows' and the number of columns 'n_cols'.
The number of rows is used to divide the radius of the Spiderweb in small rings of width spw_radius/n_rows [m].
The number of columns is used to divide the circle in parts with angles of 2*pi/n_cols [rad].
The wind direction is defined according to the nautical convention, i.e. wind from the North has direction 0 degrees and the angle increases when turning clockwise.
If the grid_unit is 'degree' than the coordinates of the Spiderweb/cyclone eye are given in spherical coordinates using keywords 'x_spw_eye' and 'y_spw_eye'.
For each time of the time series, the coordinates of the Spiderweb eye and the pressure drop in the eye must be specified.