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input files containing meteorological time series such as wind velocity, velocityair pressure, air temperature. |
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Space varying wind and pressure input files (meteofiles)
At present, for different wind meteo input files, different headers are used, which are read in different ways in the sourcecodesource code. Some effort has been put in making the files more self-descriptive, readible readable and to make the input of the different files more consistent. For three four wind-input options, a suggestion to standardise the headers is shown below. The suggestion is conform a possible transition to NetCDF format in the future. See NetCDF standard names for more information on the used standard NetCDF names. For Pseudo ArcInfo wind, wind meteo on the FLOW grid, meteo on an equidistant (rectilinear or spherical) grid, meteo on a separate curvi-linear curvilinear grid and Spiderweb wind three meteo on a Spiderweb grid, examples of input files are shown below.
- Keywords are case INsensitive.
- Comments are indicated by a #
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- .
- The keyword FileVersion (= 1.02) must be the first keyword, the order of the other keywords is free to choose.
- The pressure correction on boundaries using Paver and Pcorr, which used to be prescribed in the air pressure meteo file, has been moved to the MD-File. The correction is specified using the keyword:
PavBnd (P average on Boundaries). This average pressure is applied on all boundaries to reduce pressure gradients there. The average pressure needs to be specified in Pascals.
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- Meteo on the FLOW grid:
For meteo on the FLOW grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 1 file, using the keyword:
Filwnd
Code Block |
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### START OF HEADER
### This file is created by Deltares
FileVersion = 1.02 |
- Pseudo ArcInfo wind:
Code Block |
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### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### Every line with one or more # before it, is read as commentary ### Additional commments meteotype = arcinfo # Type of meteo input file: curvi, arcinfo or spiderweb NODATA_value = -9999.000 # Value used for undefined or missing data n_cols = 400 # Number of columns used for wind datafield n_rows = 16 # Version of meteo input file, to check if the newest file format is used filetype = meteo_on_flow_grid # Number of rows used for wind datafield grid_unit = degree # Type of meteo input file: meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value = -9.9900000E+02 # Unit of distances on the grid in both x- and y-direction #grid_unit # Value used for undefined =or missing mdata xn_llcornerquantity = 3 -12.000 # Xcoordinate of lower left corner of# gridNumber (inof unitsquantities specifiedprescribed in grid_unit) y_llcorner the file quantity1 = 48.000x_wind # YcoordinateName of lowerquantity1 quantity2 left corner of grid (in = units specified in grid_unit) value_posy_wind = centre # Name of quantity2 quantity3 #= Location where the dataair_pressure is specified in a cell (centre or corner) #value_pos = corner # Name of quantity3 unit1 dx = =m s-1 0.12500 # Grid dimensions: dx and dy (in units specified in grid_unit) dy Unit of quantity1 unit2 = m s-1 = 0.083333333 # Unit of quantity2 unit3 n_quantity = = 3 mbar # NumberUnit of quantitiesquantity3 ### prescribedEND inOF the fileHEADER quantity1TIME = 0 minutes =since 2008-01-08 00:00:00 x_wind+00:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 # Name0.0000000E+00 of quantity1 #quantity1 = y_wind # Name of quantity1 #quantity1 = air_pressure # Name of quantity1 unit1 = m s-1 0.0000000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -8.6049000E+00 -1.0240000E+01 -5.4150000E+00 -1.8900000E+00 -2.9040000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 TIME = 660 minutes since 2008-01-08 00:00:00 +00:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -2.3290000E+00 -9.0440000E+00 -1.3230000E+01 -8.3310000E+00 -6.9210000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -1.0000000E+01 -1.1000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -1.5000000E+01 -1.8000000E+01 -1.4000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -0.8000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -1.6000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -0.7000000E+01 -0.4000000E+01 0.0000000E+00 -0.3000000E+01 1.0130000E+03 1.0140000E+03 1.0140000E+03 1.0160000E+03 1.0120000E+03 1.0120000E+03 1.0180000E+03 1.0200000E+03 1.0160000E+03 1.0140000E+03 1.0110000E+03 1.0130000E+03 1.0110000E+03 1.0180000E+03 1.0150000E+03 1.0130000E+03 |
- Meteo on an equidistant grid:
For meteo on an equidistant grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 3 separate files using the keywords:
Filwu
Filwv
Filwp
and Filwr, Filwt, Filwc for relative humidity, air temperature and cloudiness respectively.
Code Block |
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### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion = 1.02 # Version of meteo input file, to check if the newest file format is used filetype = meteo_on_equidistant_grid # Type of meteo input file: meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value = -9999# Unit of quantity1 #unit1 = Pa # Unit of quantity1 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 minutes since 2007-10-08 15:24:00 -02:00 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time difference (time zone) 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 155.0000 346.2500 357.5000 8.750000 20.00000 31.25000 42.50000 53.75000 65.00000 76.25000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 time = 1440 minutes# since 2007-10-08 15:24:00 -02:00 Value used for undefined or missing data n_cols # Fixed format: time unit since date time= time difference (time zone)400 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 # Number 2.435253of columns used for wind datafield n_rows 2.435253 2.435253 = 65.01978 16 75.11859 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 126.7762 137.5612 # Number of rows used 148.5649for wind datafield grid_unit 159.8090 = 5298.544 degree 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 # 5298.544Unit of distances on the grid in 5298.544both x- and y-direction: m 5298.544or degree x_llcorner |
- Wind on a separate curvi-linear grid:
Code Block |
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### START OF HEADER ###= This file is created-12.000 by Deltares ### Every line with one or more # before it, is read as commentary ### Additional commments meteotype = curvi # Xcoordinate of lower left corner of grid (in units specified in grid_unit) y_llcorner = 48.000 # Type of meteo input file: curvi, arcinfo or spiderweb NODATA_value = -999.999 # Ycoordinate of lower left corner of grid (in units specified in grid_unit) value_pos = centre # Value used for undefined or missing data curvi_grid_file = hirlam.grd # Coordinates given in centre or corner of lower left #cell? dx Separate (curvi-linear) grid on which the wind can be specified first_data_value = grid_llcorner= 0.12500 # Options: grid_llcorner, grid_ul_corner, grid_lrcorner or grid_urcorner data_row # Grid dimensions: dx and dy =(in units specified in grid_rowunit) dy = 0.083333333 # Options: grid_row or grid_col. For switching rows and columns. n_quantity n_quantity = 1 # Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 = x_wind # Name of quantity1 #quantity1 = (x_wind, y_wind or air_pressure) unit1 = m s-1 # Name of quantity1 #quantity1 = air_pressure # Unit of quantity1 (m s-1 for velocities or Pa/mbar for air_pressure) ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 minutes since # Name of quantity1 unit12007-10-08 15:24:00 -02:00 # Fixed format: <time> =<time unit> "since" <date> m<time> s-1<time zone> 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 # Unit of quantity1 #unit1 1.388999 1.388999 = Pa1.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 # Unit of quantity1 ### END OF HEADER TIME2.388999 2.388999 = 2.388999 0 hours since 2006-01-01 00:00:00 -06:003.388999 3.388999 3.388999 # Fixed format: time unit since date3.388999 time time difference (time zone) 13.388999 13.388999 13.388999 13.388999 13.388999 1 3.388999 TIME 1.388999 = 1.388999 1440 minutes since 2007-10-08 15:24:00 1.388999-02:00 1.388999# Fixed format: <time> <time 155.0000 346.2500unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 2.435253 3572.5000435253 85.750000435253 201.00000435253 313.25000435253 424.50000435253 532.75000435253 652.00000557653 762.25000412253 5300.000 2.435255 53001.000435253 53002.000435253 53001.000435253 53002.000435253 53001.000435253 53002.000435253 53001.000435253 53001.000435253 53002.000435253 TIME 1.435251 4.435253 = 4.435253 1440 hours since 2006-01-01 00:00:00 -06:00 1.435253 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time difference (time zone) 2.4352533.355253 23.435253456253 25.435253425253 21.435253223453 25.435253523341 2.435253 2.435253 5.521246 23.435253255258 2.435253 2.435253 65.01978 75.11859 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 126.7762 137.5612 148.5649 159.8090 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 |
- Explanation of the data to grid conversion for meteo on an equidistant grid
For meteo on an equidistant grid the orientation of the data is the same as the grid (visually). The first data value is thus located at the grid at (1,nmax). A line is then read as a row on the grid and the second line in the dataset is row nmax-1 on the grid. See also figure 1.
Figure 1: Data to grid conversion for meteo on an equidistant grid.
- Meteo on a separate curvilinear grid:
For meteo on a separate curvilinear grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 3 separate files using the keywords:
Fwndgu
Fwndgv
Fwndgp
and Fwndgr, Fwndgt, Fwndgc for relative humidity, air temperature and cloudiness respectively.
Code Block |
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### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion = 1.02 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 # Version of 5298.544meteo input file, |
- Spiderweb wind:
Code Block |
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### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### Every line with one or more # before it, is read as commentary ### Additional commments meteotype = spiderweb to check if the newest file format is used filetype = meteo_on_curvilinear_grid # Type of meteo input file: curvi, arcinfometeo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or spiderweb meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value = -999.000999 # Value used for undefined or missing data ngrid_colsfile = 400hirlam.grd # Separate (curvi-linear) grid on which the #wind Numbercan of columns used for wind datafield n_rows be specified first_data_value = grid_llcorner = 16 # Options: grid_llcorner, grid_ul_corner, grid_lrcorner or grid_urcorner data_row = grid_row # Number of rows used for wind datafield spw_radius = 600000.00 # Options: grid_row or grid_col. For switching rows # Radius of spiderweb (in units specified in rad_unit) spw_rad_unit and columns. n_quantity = m1 # UnitNumber of radius n_quantity quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 = 3 = x_wind # NumberName of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 =quantity1 (x_wind, y_wind, air_pressure, relative_humidity, air_temperature or cloudiness) unit1 wind_speed = m s-1 # Name of quantity1 quantity2 = wind_from_direction # Unit of quantity1 (m s-1 for velocities, Pa/ mbar for air_pressure, % for relative_humidity or cloudiness and Celcius for air_temperature) ### END OF HEADER TIME # Name of quantity2 quantity3 = 0 =hours since 2006-01-01 air_pressure_drop00:00:00 -06:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 101530.000 101300.000 # Name of quantity3 unit1101600.000 101550.000 = 101500.000 m s-1 101300.000 1013300.000 101400.000 101430.000 101500.000 101130.000 #101320.000 Unit of quantity1 unit2 101260.000 101620.000 = degree 1013400.000 101520.000 TIME = 1440 hours since 2006-01-01 00:00:00 -06:00 # UnitFixed of quantity2 unit3 format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 101298.544 = Pa102108.102 101998.521 101928.544 101721.314 101811.152 1013410.400 101323.214 101430.000 #101500.000 Unit of quantity3 ### END OF HEADER TIME 101130.000 101320.000 = 101260.000 0 minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 101620.000 1013400.000 # Fixed format: time 101520.000 |
- Explanation of the data to grid conversion for wind on a separate curvilinear grid.
The first_data_value keyword is used to determine the starting point on the grid. The first_data_value is the first value that is read in the meteo file, i.e. the upper left value in a data block. The keyword has 4 possible values:
grid_llcorner, meaning m = 1, n = 1 (on the curvilinear grid)
grid_lrcorner, meaning m = mmax, n = 1 ( " )
grid_ulcorner, meaning m = 1, n = nmax ( " )
grid_urcorner, meaning m = mmax, n = nmax ( " )
The data_row keyword is then used to determine the direction of placing the data on the grid, i.e. data_row = grid_column means that a row that is read in the meteo file becomes a column in the array on the grid (so fixed m, increasing n).
Example:
Code Block |
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first_data_value = grid_ll_corner
data_row = grid_column
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means:
The first read value (top left) of the meteofile coincides with the point (1,1) on the grid. The first row in the meteofile is then the first column on the grid, i.e. (1,1:nmax). The second row is then the second column (2,1:nmax) and so on. See also Figure 2.
Figure 2: Data to grid conversion for wind on a separate curvilinear grid.
- Meteo on a Spiderweb grid:
For meteo on a Spiderweb grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 1 file using the keyword:
Filweb
Meteo on a Spiderweb grid can be added to one of the other wind formats. Near and in the cyclone the winds are added using an averaging algorithm.
Code Block |
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### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion = 1.02 # Version of meteo input file, to check if the newest file format is used filetype = meteo_on_spiderweb_grid # Type of meteo input file: meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value = -999.000 unit since date time time difference (time zone) x_spw_eye = 115.4 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.9 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = 5300 # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 155.0000 346.2500 357.5000 8.750000 20.00000 31.25000 42.50000 53.75000 65.00000 76.25000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 TIME = 1440 minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time difference (time zone) x_spw_eye = # Value used for undefined or missing data n_cols 114.4000 = 16 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye =# Number of columns 18.90000used for wind datafield n_rows = 400 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = # Number 5300.000of rows used for wind datafield spw_radius = 600000.00 # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 2.435253 # Radius of spiderweb 2.435253(in units specified in rad_unit) spw_rad_unit 2.435253 = m 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253# Unit of radius 65.01978n_quantity = 75.11859 3 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 126.7762 137.5612 148.5649 # Number of 159.8090quantities prescribed in the file 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 quantity1 = wind_speed # Name of quantity1 quantity2 = wind_from_direction # Name of quantity2 quantity3 = p_drop # Name of quantity3 unit1 = m s-1 # Unit of quantity1 unit2 = degree # Unit of quantity2 unit3 = Pa # Unit of quantity3 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> x_spw_eye = 115.4 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.9 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = 5300 # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 155.0000 346.2500 357.5000 8.750000 20.00000 31.25000 42.50000 53.75000 65.00000 76.25000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 TIME = 1440 minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> x_spw_eye = 114.4000 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.90000 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = 5300.000 # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 65.01978 75.11859 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 126.7762 137.5612 148.5649 159.8090 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 |
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- Explanation of the grid definition for wind on a Spiderweb grid.
The Spiderweb grid is defined using the number of rows 'n_rows' and the number of columns 'n_cols'.
The number of rows is used to divide the radius of the Spiderweb in small rings of width spw_radius/n_rows [m].
The number of columns is used to divide the circle in parts with angles of 2*pi/n_cols [rad].
The wind direction is defined according to the nautical convention, i.e. wind from the North has direction 0 degrees and the angle increases when turning clockwise.
If the grid_unit is 'degree' than the coordinates of the Spiderweb/cyclone eye are given in spherical coordinates using keywords 'x_spw_eye' and 'y_spw_eye'.
For each time of the time series, the coordinates of the Spiderweb eye and the pressure drop in the eye must be specified.