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input files containing meteorological time series such as wind velocity, velocityair pressure, air temperature. |
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Space varying wind and pressure input files (meteofiles)
At present, for different wind meteo input files, different headers are used, which are read in different ways in the sourcecodesource code. Some effort has been put in making the files more self-descriptive, readible readable and to make the input of the different files more consistent. For three four wind-input options, a suggestion to standardise the headers is shown below. The suggestion is conform a possible transition to NetCDF format in the future. See NetCDF standard names for more information on the used standard NetCDF names. For Pseudo ArcInfo wind, wind meteo on the FLOW grid, meteo on an equidistant (rectilinear or spherical) grid, meteo on a separate curvi-linear curvilinear grid and Spiderweb wind three meteo on a Spiderweb grid, examples of input files are shown below.
- Keywords are case INsensitive.
- Comments are indicated by a #
...
- .
- The keyword FileVersion (= 1.02) must be the first keyword, the order of the other keywords is free to choose.
- The pressure correction on boundaries using Paver and Pcorr, which used to be prescribed in the air pressure meteo file, has been moved to the MD-File. The correction is specified using the keyword:
PavBnd (P average on Boundaries). This average pressure is applied on all boundaries to reduce pressure gradients there. The average pressure needs to be specified in Pascals.
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- Meteo on the FLOW grid:
For meteo on the FLOW grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 1 file, using the keyword:
Filwnd
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER
### This file is created by Deltares
FileVersion = 1.02 |
- Pseudo ArcInfo wind:
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments meteotype = arcinfo # Type of meteo input file: curvi, arcinfo or spiderweb NODATA_value = -9999.000 # Value used for undefined or missing data n_cols = 400 # Number of columns used for wind datafield n_rows = 16 # Version of meteo input file, to check if the newest file format is used filetype = meteo_on_flow_grid # Number of rows used for wind datafield grid_unit = degree # Type of meteo input file: meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value = -9.9900000E+02 # Unit of distances on the grid in both x- and y-direction #grid_unit = m x_llcorner # Value used for undefined =or missing data n_quantity -12.000 = 3 # Xcoordinate of lower left corner of grid (in units specified in grid_unit) y_llcorner # Number of =quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 48.000 = x_wind # Ycoordinate of lower left corner of grid (in units specified in grid_unit) value_pos # Name of quantity1 quantity2 = = centre y_wind # Location where the data# isName specified in a cell (centre or corner) #value_posof quantity2 quantity3 = cornerair_pressure dx = # Name 0.12500of quantity3 unit1 = m s-1 # Grid dimensions: dx and dy (in units specified in grid_unit) dy # Unit of quantity1 unit2 = 0.083333333 = m s-1 n_quantity = 3 # Unit of quantity2 unit3 = mbar # Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 = x_wind # Unit of quantity3 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 minutes since 2008-01-08 00:00:00 +00:00 # NameFixed of quantity1 #quantity1 = y_wind # Name of quantity1 #quantity1 = air_pressure # Name of quantity1 unit1 = m s-1 format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -8.6049000E+00 -1.0240000E+01 -5.4150000E+00 -1.8900000E+00 -2.9040000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 TIME = 660 minutes since 2008-01-08 00:00:00 +00:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time # Unit of quantity1 #unit1zone> 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 = 0.0000000E+00 Pa0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -2.3290000E+00 -9.0440000E+00 -1.3230000E+01 -8.3310000E+00 -6.9210000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -1.0000000E+01 -1.1000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -1.5000000E+01 -1.8000000E+01 -1.4000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -0.8000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -1.6000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -0.7000000E+01 -0.4000000E+01 0.0000000E+00 -0.3000000E+01 1.0130000E+03 1.0140000E+03 1.0140000E+03 1.0160000E+03 1.0120000E+03 1.0120000E+03 1.0180000E+03 1.0200000E+03 1.0160000E+03 1.0140000E+03 1.0110000E+03 1.0130000E+03 1.0110000E+03 1.0180000E+03 1.0150000E+03 1.0130000E+03 |
- Meteo on an equidistant grid:
For meteo on an equidistant grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 3 separate files using the keywords:
Filwu
Filwv
Filwp
and Filwr, Filwt, Filwc for relative humidity, air temperature and cloudiness respectively.
| Code Block |
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### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion = 1.02 # Unit of quantity1 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 minutes since 2007-10-08 15:24:00 -02:00 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time difference (time zone) 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 155.0000 346.2500 357.5000 8.750000 20.00000 31.25000 # Version of meteo input file, 42.50000to check if the newest file format 53.75000 is used filetype 65.00000 = 76.25000meteo_on_equidistant_grid 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000# Type of meteo input file: 5300.000 5300.000 meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value = 5300-9999.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 time = 1440 minutes# since 2007-10-08 15:24:00 -02:00 Value used for undefined or missing data n_cols # Fixed format: time unit since date= time time difference (time400 zone) 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 # Number of 2.435253columns used for wind datafield n_rows 2.435253 2.435253 = 65.0197816 75.11859 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 126.7762 137.5612 # Number of rows used for 148.5649 wind datafield grid_unit 159.8090 = 5298.544 degree 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 # Unit 5298.544of distances on the grid in both 5298.544x- and y-direction: m or 5298.544degree x_llcorner |
- Wind on a separate curvi-linear grid:
| Code Block |
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### START OF= HEADER ### This file is-12.000 created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments meteotype = curvi # Xcoordinate of lower left corner of grid (in units specified in grid_unit) y_llcorner = 48.000 # Type of meteo input file: curvi, arcinfo or spiderweb NODATA_value = -999.999 # Ycoordinate of lower left corner of grid (in units specified in grid_unit) value_pos = centre # Value used for undefined or missing data curvi_grid_file = hirlam.grd # Coordinates given in centre or corner of lower left cell? dx # Separate (curvi-linear) grid on which the wind can be specified first_data_value = = grid_llcorner 0.12500 # Options: grid_llcorner, grid_ul_corner, grid_lrcorner or grid_urcorner data_row # Grid dimensions: dx and dy =(in units specified in grid_rowunit) dy = 0.083333333 # Options: grid_row or grid_col. For switching rows and columns. n_quantity = 1 # Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 = x_wind # Name of quantity1 #quantity1 (x_wind, y_wind or air_pressure) unit1 = y_wind m s-1 # NameUnit of quantity1 #quantity1 (m s-1 for velocities or Pa/mbar for = air_pressure) ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 minutes since 2007-10-08 15:24:00 -02:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time # Name of quantity1 unit1 unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 1.388999 1.388999 = m s-1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 # Unit of quantity1 #unit11.388999 2.388999 2.388999 = Pa 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 # Unit2.388999 of quantity1 ### END OF HEADER TIME 3.388999 3.388999 = 3.388999 0 hours since 2006-01-01 00:00:00 -06:00 3.388999 3.388999 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time difference (time zone) 1 3.388999 3.388999 13.388999 13.388999 13.388999 TIME 1.388999 1.388999 = 1440 1.388999minutes since 2007-10-08 15:24:00 -02:00 1.388999 # Fixed 1.388999format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> 1.388999<time zone> 1552.0000435253 3462.2500435253 3575.5000435253 81.750000435253 203.00000435253 314.25000435253 422.50000435253 532.75000557653 652.00000412253 762.25000435255 53001.000435253 53002.000435253 53001.000435253 53002.000435253 53001.000435253 53002.000435253 53001.000435253 53001.000435253 53002.000435253 53001.000435251 TIME 4.435253 4.435253 = 1.435253 1440 hours since 2006-01-01 00:00:00 -06:00 3.355253 3.456253 # Fixed format: time unit since5.425253 date time time difference (time zone) 21.435253223453 25.435253523341 25.435253521246 23.435253255258 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 65.01978 75.11859 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 |
- Explanation of the data to grid conversion for meteo on an equidistant grid
For meteo on an equidistant grid the orientation of the data is the same as the grid (visually). The first data value is thus located at the grid at (1,nmax). A line is then read as a row on the grid and the second line in the dataset is row nmax-1 on the grid. See also figure 1.
Figure 1: Data to grid conversion for meteo on an equidistant grid.
- Meteo on a separate curvilinear grid:
For meteo on a separate curvilinear grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 3 separate files using the keywords:
Fwndgu
Fwndgv
Fwndgp
and Fwndgr, Fwndgt, Fwndgc for relative humidity, air temperature and cloudiness respectively.
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion = 1.02 126.7762 137.5612 148.5649 159.8090 5298.544 5298.544 # Version of meteo 5298.544input file, to check if the newest 5298.544file format is used filetype 5298.544 = 5298.544 meteo_on_curvilinear_grid 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 # Type of |
- Spiderweb wind:
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments meteotypemeteo input file: meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value = -999.999 = spiderweb # Value used for undefined or missing data grid_file = hirlam.grd # Type of meteo input file: curvi, arcinfo or spiderweb NODATA_value = -999.000 # Separate (curvi-linear) grid on which the wind can be specified first_data_value = grid_llcorner # Value used for undefined or missing data n_cols = 400 # Options: grid_llcorner, grid_ul_corner, grid_lrcorner or grid_urcorner data_row = grid_row # Number of columns used for wind datafield n_rows = 16 # Options: grid_row or grid_col. For switching rows and columns. n_quantity = 1 # Number of rows used for wind datafield spw_radius = 600000.00 # Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 = x_wind # Radius of spiderweb (in units specified in rad_unit) spw_rad_unit = m # Name of quantity1 (x_wind, y_wind, air_pressure, relative_humidity, air_temperature or cloudiness) unit1 = m s-1 # Unit of radius n_quantity = 3 # Unit of quantity1 (m s-1 for velocities, Pa/ mbar for air_pressure, % for relative_humidity or cloudiness and Celcius for air_temperature) ### END OF HEADER TIME # Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1= 0 hours since = wind_speed2006-01-01 00:00:00 -06:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 101530.000 101300.000 101600.000 #101550.000 Name of quantity1 quantity2 101500.000 = wind_from_direction101300.000 1013300.000 101400.000 101430.000 101500.000 # Name of quantity2 quantity3101130.000 101320.000 = air_pressure_drop 101260.000 101620.000 1013400.000 101520.000 TIME # Name of quantity3 unit1 = 1440 hours =since 2006-01-01 m s-100:00:00 -06:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 101298.544 102108.102 101998.521 101928.544 # Unit101721.314 of quantity1 unit2 101811.152 =1013410.400 degree 101323.214 101430.000 101500.000 101130.000 101320.000 101260.000 101620.000 1013400.000 # Unit of 101520.000 |
- Explanation of the data to grid conversion for wind on a separate curvilinear grid.
The first_data_value keyword is used to determine the starting point on the grid. The first_data_value is the first value that is read in the meteo file, i.e. the upper left value in a data block. The keyword has 4 possible values:
grid_llcorner, meaning m = 1, n = 1 (on the curvilinear grid)
grid_lrcorner, meaning m = mmax, n = 1 ( " )
grid_ulcorner, meaning m = 1, n = nmax ( " )
grid_urcorner, meaning m = mmax, n = nmax ( " )
The data_row keyword is then used to determine the direction of placing the data on the grid, i.e. data_row = grid_column means that a row that is read in the meteo file becomes a column in the array on the grid (so fixed m, increasing n).
Example:
| Code Block |
|---|
first_data_value = grid_ll_corner
data_row = grid_column
|
means:
The first read value (top left) of the meteofile coincides with the point (1,1) on the grid. The first row in the meteofile is then the first column on the grid, i.e. (1,1:nmax). The second row is then the second column (2,1:nmax) and so on. See also Figure 2.
Figure 2: Data to grid conversion for wind on a separate curvilinear grid.
- Meteo on a Spiderweb grid:
For meteo on a Spiderweb grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 1 file using the keyword:
Filweb
Meteo on a Spiderweb grid can be added to one of the other wind formats. Near and in the cyclone the winds are added using an averaging algorithm.
| Code Block |
|---|
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion = 1.02quantity2 unit3 = Pa # Unit of quantity3 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time difference (time zone) x_spw_eye = 115.4 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.9 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = 5300 # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 # Version of meteo input 1.388999file, to check if the newest file 1.388999format is used filetype 1.388999 = 1.388999 meteo_on_spiderweb_grid 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 155.0000 # Type of 346.2500meteo input file: meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid 357.5000or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value = 8-999.750000000 20.00000 31.25000 42.50000 53.75000 65.00000 # Value used 76.25000for undefined or missing data 5300.000n_cols = 5300.000 16 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 # Number of 5300.000columns used for wind datafield TIMEn_rows = 1440400 minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time difference (time zone) x_spw_eye = 114.4000 # Number of rows used for wind datafield spw_radius = 600000.00 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.90000 # Radius of spiderweb (in units specified in rad_unit) spw_rad_unit = m # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = 5300.000 # Unit of radius n_quantity = 3 # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253# Number of quantities prescribed in 2.435253 the file quantity1 2.435253 = 2.435253wind_speed 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 # Name of quantity1 quantity2 65.01978 = 75.11859 wind_from_direction 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 126.7762# Name of quantity2 quantity3 137.5612 = 148.5649 p_drop 159.8090 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 # Name of quantity3 unit1 = m s-1 # Unit of quantity1 unit2 = degree # Unit of quantity2 unit3 = Pa # Unit of quantity3 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> x_spw_eye = 115.4 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.9 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = 5300 # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 155.0000 346.2500 357.5000 8.750000 20.00000 31.25000 42.50000 53.75000 65.00000 76.25000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 TIME = 1440 minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> x_spw_eye = 114.4000 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.90000 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = 5300.000 # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 65.01978 75.11859 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 126.7762 137.5612 148.5649 159.8090 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 |
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- Explanation of the grid definition for wind on a Spiderweb grid.
The Spiderweb grid is defined using the number of rows 'n_rows' and the number of columns 'n_cols'.
The number of rows is used to divide the radius of the Spiderweb in small rings of width spw_radius/n_rows [m].
The number of columns is used to divide the circle in parts with angles of 2*pi/n_cols [rad].
The wind direction is defined according to the nautical convention, i.e. wind from the North has direction 0 degrees and the angle increases when turning clockwise.
If the grid_unit is 'degree' than the coordinates of the Spiderweb/cyclone eye are given in spherical coordinates using keywords 'x_spw_eye' and 'y_spw_eye'.
For each time of the time series, the coordinates of the Spiderweb eye and the pressure drop in the eye must be specified.