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input files containing meteorological time series such as wind velocity, velocityair pressure, air temperature. |
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Space varying wind and pressure input files (meteofiles)
At present, for different wind meteo input files, different headers are used, which are read in different ways in the sourcecodesource code. Some effort has been put in making the files more self-descriptive, readible readable and to make the input of the different files more consistent. For three four wind-input options, a suggestion to standardise the headers is shown below. The suggestion is conform a possible transition to NetCDF format in the future. See NetCDF standard names for more information on the used standard NetCDF names. For Pseudo ArcInfo wind, wind meteo on the FLOW grid, meteo on an equidistant (rectilinear or spherical) grid, meteo on a separate curvi-linear curvilinear grid and meteo on a Spiderweb windgrid, three examples of input files are shown below.
- Keywords are case INsensitive.
- Comments are indicated by a #.
- The keyword FileVersion (= 1.002) must be the first keyword, the order of the other keywords is free to choose.
- The pressure correction on boundaries using Paver and Pcorr, which used to be prescribed in the air pressure meteo file, has been moved to the MD-File. The correction is specified using the keyword:
PavBnd (P average on Boundaries). This average pressure is applied on all boundaries to reduce pressure gradients there. The average pressure needs to be specified in Pascals.
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- Pseudo ArcInfo wind:
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- Meteo on the FLOW grid:
For meteo on the FLOW grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 1 file, using the keyword:
Filwnd
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| Code Block |
### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion = 1.002 # Version of meteo input file, to check if the newnewest file format is used (1.0) meteotype filetype = arcinfometeo_on_flow_grid # Type of meteo input # Type of meteo input file: curvi, arcinfo or spiderweb file: meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value = -9999.000 9.9900000E+02 # Value used for undefined or missing data n_colsquantity = 3 = 400 # Number of columnsquantities usedprescribed forin windthe datafield n_rows file quantity1 = 16x_wind # Name # Number of rows used for wind datafield grid_unitof quantity1 quantity2 = y_wind = degree # Name of quantity2 quantity3 = # Unit ofair_pressure distances on the grid in both x- and y-direction #grid_unit = m x_llcorner = -12.000 # Name of quantity3 unit1 = m s-1 # Xcoordinate of lower left corner of grid (in units specified in grid_unit) y_llcorner = 48.000 # Unit of quantity1 unit2 = m s-1 # Ycoordinate of lower left corner of grid (in units specified in grid_unit) value_pos = centre # Unit of quantity2 unit3 = mbar # Location where the data is specified in a cell (centre or corner) #value_pos = corner # Unit of quantity3 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 minutes since 2008-01-08 00:00:00 +00:00 dx # Fixed =format: <time> <time 0.12500 unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -8.6049000E+00 -1.0240000E+01 -5.4150000E+00 -1.8900000E+00 -2.9040000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 # Grid dimensions: dx and dy (in units specified in grid_unit) dy = 0.083333333 n_quantity = 3 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 1.0000000E+03 TIME = 660 minutes since 2008-01-08 00:00:00 +00:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> #<time> Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1<time zone> 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 = 0.0000000E+00 x_wind0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 0.0000000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -2.3290000E+00 -9.0440000E+00 -1.3230000E+01 -8.3310000E+00 -6.9210000E+00 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -9.9900000E+02 -1.0000000E+01 -1.1000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -1.5000000E+01 -1.8000000E+01 -1.4000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -0.8000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -1.6000000E+01 -1.2000000E+01 -1.0000000E+01 -0.7000000E+01 -0.4000000E+01 0.0000000E+00 -0.3000000E+01 1.0130000E+03 1.0140000E+03 1.0140000E+03 1.0160000E+03 1.0120000E+03 1.0120000E+03 1.0180000E+03 1.0200000E+03 1.0160000E+03 1.0140000E+03 1.0110000E+03 1.0130000E+03 1.0110000E+03 1.0180000E+03 1.0150000E+03 1.0130000E+03 |
- Meteo on an equidistant grid:
For meteo on an equidistant grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 3 separate files using the keywords:
Filwu
Filwv
Filwp
and Filwr, Filwt, Filwc for relative humidity, air temperature and cloudiness respectively.
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### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion# Name of quantity1 #quantity1 = y_wind # Name of quantity1 #quantity1 = air_pressure # Name of quantity1 unit1 = m s-11.02 # UnitVersion of quantity1 #unit1meteo input file, to check if the newest file format is used filetype = Pa = meteo_on_equidistant_grid # Type of meteo input file: meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid # Unit of quantity1 ### END OF HEADER TIMEor meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value = -9999.000 = 0 minutes since 2007-10-08 15:24:00 -02:00 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time difference (time zone)# Value 1.388999used for undefined or missing data n_cols 1.388999 1.388999 = 400 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 155.0000# Number of columns used for 346.2500wind datafield n_rows 357.5000 = 8.750000 16 20.00000 31.25000 42.50000 53.75000 65.00000 76.25000 5300.000 # Number of 5300.000rows used for wind datafield grid_unit 5300.000 = 5300.000 degree 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 time # Unit of distances on the grid in both x- and =y-direction: m or 1440degree x_llcorner minutes since 2007-10-08 15:24:00 -02:00 = -12.000 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time difference (time zone) 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 # Xcoordinate of lower 2.435253left corner of grid (in units specified 2.435253 in grid_unit) y_llcorner 2.435253 = 248.435253000 2.435253 65.01978 75.11859 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 # Ycoordinate 116.1833of lower left corner of grid (in 126.7762units specified 137.5612in grid_unit) value_pos = 148.5649centre 159.8090 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 # 5298.544Coordinates given in centre or corner of 5298.544lower left cell? dx 5298.544 5298.544 = 52980.54412500 |
- Wind on a separate curvi-linear grid:
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### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion = 1.0 # Grid dimensions: dx and dy (in units specified in grid_unit) dy = 0.083333333 # Version of meteo input file, to check if the new file format is used (1.0) meteotype = curvi n_quantity = 1 # Type of meteo input file: curvi, arcinfo or spiderweb NODATA_value # =Number of quantities prescribed -999.999in the file quantity1 = x_wind # Value used for undefined or missing data curvi_grid_file = hirlam.grd # Name of quantity1 (x_wind, y_wind or air_pressure) unit1 = m s-1 # Separate (curvi-linear) grid on which the wind can be specified first_data_value = grid_llcorner # Unit of quantity1 (m s-1 for velocities or Pa/mbar for air_pressure) ### END OF HEADER TIME # Options: grid_llcorner, grid_ul_corner, grid_lrcorner or grid_urcorner data_row = 0 minutes since 2007-10-08 15:24:00 -02:00 = grid_row # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 #1.388999 Options: grid_row or grid_col. For switching1.388999 rows and columns. n_quantity 1.388999 = 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 2.388999 # Number of quantities2.388999 prescribed in the file quantity1 2.388999 = 2.388999 x_wind 2.388999 2.388999 3.388999 3.388999 3.388999 3.388999 #3.388999 Name of quantity1 #quantity1 3.388999 = 3.388999 y_wind 3.388999 3.388999 3.388999 TIME = 1440 minutes since 2007-10-08 15:24:00 -02:00 # Name of quantity1 #quantity1 # Fixed format: <time> <time =unit> "since" <date> <time> air_pressure<time zone> 2.435253 2.435253 5.435253 1.435253 3.435253 4.435253 # Name of quantity1 unit1 2.435253 2.557653 = m s-12.412253 2.435255 1.435253 2.435253 1.435253 2.435253 1.435253 2.435253 # Unit of quantity1 #unit1 1.435253 1.435253 = Pa 2.435253 1.435251 4.435253 4.435253 1.435253 3.355253 3.456253 5.425253 # Unit of quantity1 ### END OF HEADER TIME1.223453 5.523341 =5.521246 0 hours since 2006-01-01 00:00:00 -06:00 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time difference (time zone) 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 155.0000 346.2500 3.255258 |
- Explanation of the data to grid conversion for meteo on an equidistant grid
For meteo on an equidistant grid the orientation of the data is the same as the grid (visually). The first data value is thus located at the grid at (1,nmax). A line is then read as a row on the grid and the second line in the dataset is row nmax-1 on the grid. See also figure 1.
Figure 1: Data to grid conversion for meteo on an equidistant grid.
- Meteo on a separate curvilinear grid:
For meteo on a separate curvilinear grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 3 separate files using the keywords:
Fwndgu
Fwndgv
Fwndgp
and Fwndgr, Fwndgt, Fwndgc for relative humidity, air temperature and cloudiness respectively.
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### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion = 1.02 357.5000 8.750000 20.00000 31.25000 42.50000 53.75000 # 65.00000Version of meteo input file, to check 76.25000if the newest file format 5300.000 is used filetype 5300.000 = 5300.000meteo_on_curvilinear_grid 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 # 5300.000Type of meteo input file: meteo_on_flow_grid, 5300.000 meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value 5300.000= -999.999 5300.000 TIME = 1440 hours since 2006-01-01 00:00:00 -06:00 # Fixed format: time unit since date# timeValue timeused differencefor (timeundefined zone)or 2.435253 missing data grid_file 2.435253 = 2hirlam.435253grd 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253# Separate (curvi-linear) grid on which the 2.435253wind can be specified 65.01978first_data_value = grid_llcorner 75.11859 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 126.7762 # Options: grid_llcorner, grid_ul_corner, grid_lrcorner 137.5612or grid_urcorner data_row 148.5649 = grid_row 159.8090 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 # Options: grid_row or 5298grid_col.544 For switching rows and columns. n_quantity 5298.544 = 5298.544 1 5298.544 |
- Spiderweb wind:
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### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion = 1.0 # Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 = x_wind # Version of meteo input file, to check if the new file format is used (1.0) meteotype =# Name of quantity1 spiderweb (x_wind, y_wind, air_pressure, relative_humidity, air_temperature or cloudiness) unit1 = m s-1 # Type of meteo input file: curvi, arcinfo or spiderweb NODATA_value = -999.000 # Unit of quantity1 (m s-1 for velocities, Pa/ mbar for air_pressure, % for relative_humidity or cloudiness and Celcius for air_temperature) ### END OF HEADER TIME # Value= used for undefined or0 missing data n_cols hours since 2006-01-01 00:00:00 -06:00 = # 400Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 101530.000 101300.000 101600.000 101550.000 101500.000 101300.000 # Number of columns1013300.000 used for wind datafield n_rows 101400.000 101430.000 = 16 101500.000 101130.000 101320.000 101260.000 101620.000 1013400.000 101520.000 # Number TIME of rows used for wind datafield spw_radius = 600000.001440 hours since 2006-01-01 00:00:00 -06:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> 101298.544 102108.102 101998.521 # Radius of spiderweb101928.544 (in units specified in rad_unit) spw_rad_unit 101721.314 = 101811.152 m 1013410.400 101323.214 101430.000 101500.000 101130.000 101320.000 101260.000 101620.000 # Unit of radius n_quantity 1013400.000 101520.000 |
- Explanation of the data to grid conversion for wind on a separate curvilinear grid.
The first_data_value keyword is used to determine the starting point on the grid. The first_data_value is the first value that is read in the meteo file, i.e. the upper left value in a data block. The keyword has 4 possible values:
grid_llcorner, meaning m = 1, n = 1 (on the curvilinear grid)
grid_lrcorner, meaning m = mmax, n = 1 ( " )
grid_ulcorner, meaning m = 1, n = nmax ( " )
grid_urcorner, meaning m = mmax, n = nmax ( " )
The data_row keyword is then used to determine the direction of placing the data on the grid, i.e. data_row = grid_column means that a row that is read in the meteo file becomes a column in the array on the grid (so fixed m, increasing n).
Example:
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first_data_value = grid_ll_corner
data_row = grid_column
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means:
The first read value (top left) of the meteofile coincides with the point (1,1) on the grid. The first row in the meteofile is then the first column on the grid, i.e. (1,1:nmax). The second row is then the second column (2,1:nmax) and so on. See also Figure 2.
Figure 2: Data to grid conversion for wind on a separate curvilinear grid.
- Meteo on a Spiderweb grid:
For meteo on a Spiderweb grid, the wind velocities and air pressure are specified in 1 file using the keyword:
Filweb
Meteo on a Spiderweb grid can be added to one of the other wind formats. Near and in the cyclone the winds are added using an averaging algorithm.
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### START OF HEADER ### This file is created by Deltares ### All text on a line behind the first # is parsed as commentary ### Additional commments FileVersion= 3 # Number of quantities prescribed in the file quantity1 = wind_speed # Name of quantity1 quantity2 = wind_from_direction # Name of quantity2 quantity3 = air_pressure_drop # Name of quantity3 unit1 = m s-1 # Unit of quantity1 unit2 = degree # Unit of quantity2 unit3 = Pa # Unit of quantity3 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time difference (time zone) x_spw_eye = 1151.402 # XcoordinateVersion of cyclonemeteo eyeinput (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye file, to check if the newest file format is used filetype = 18.9 = meteo_on_spiderweb_grid # Type of meteo input file: meteo_on_flow_grid, meteo_on_equidistant_grid, meteo_on_curvilinear_grid or meteo_on_spiderweb_grid NODATA_value # Ycoordinate of= cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye -999.000 = 5300 # Value used for undefined or missing data n_cols # Pressure drop at= cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre)16 at specified TIME 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 # Number of columns 1.388999used for wind datafield n_rows 1.388999 1.388999= 400 155.0000 346.2500 357.5000 8.750000 20.00000 31.25000 42.50000 # 53.75000Number of rows used for wind datafield spw_radius 65.00000 = 76600000.2500000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 # Radius of spiderweb (in 5300.000units specified in rad_unit) spw_rad_unit 5300.000 = m 5300.000 5300.000 TIME = 1440 minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 # Fixed format: time unit since date time time# differenceUnit (timeof zone)radius x_spw_eyen_quantity = =3 114.4000 # Xcoordinate of cyclone# eyeNumber (Spiderwebof centre)quantities atprescribed specifiedin TIMEthe file y_spw_eyequantity1 = 18.90000wind_speed # YcoordinateName of cyclonequantity1 quantity2 eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME = wind_from_direction p_drop_spw_eye = 5300.000 # Name of quantity2 quantity3 = p_drop # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 # Name 2.435253of quantity3 unit1 2.435253 = 2.435253 m s-1 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 65.01978 75.11859 # Unit of quantity1 unit2 85.25320= degree 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 126.7762 137.5612 148.5649 159.8090 # Unit of quantity2 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 unit3 = Pa # Unit of quantity3 ### END OF HEADER TIME = 0 minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> x_spw_eye = 115.4 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.9 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = 5300 # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 1.388999 155.0000 346.2500 357.5000 8.750000 20.00000 31.25000 42.50000 53.75000 65.00000 76.25000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 5300.000 TIME = 1440 minutes since 2004-01-03 11:02:00 +01:00 # Fixed format: <time> <time unit> "since" <date> <time> <time zone> x_spw_eye = 114.4000 # Xcoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME y_spw_eye = 18.90000 # Ycoordinate of cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME p_drop_spw_eye = 5300.000 # Pressure drop at cyclone eye (Spiderweb centre) at specified TIME 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 2.435253 65.01978 75.11859 85.25320 95.45370 105.7529 116.1833 126.7762 137.5612 148.5649 159.8090 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 5298.544 |
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- Explanation of the grid definition for wind on a Spiderweb grid.
The Spiderweb grid is defined using the number of rows 'n_rows' and the number of columns 'n_cols'.
The number of rows is used to divide the radius of the Spiderweb in small rings of width spw_radius/n_rows [m].
The number of columns is used to divide the circle in parts with angles of 2*pi/n_cols [rad].
The wind direction is defined according to the nautical convention, i.e. wind from the North has direction 0 degrees and the angle increases when turning clockwise.
If the grid_unit is 'degree' than the coordinates of the Spiderweb/cyclone eye are given in spherical coordinates using keywords 'x_spw_eye' and 'y_spw_eye'.
For each time of the time series, the coordinates of the Spiderweb eye and the pressure drop in the eye must be specified.