H2120 - Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria ('white dunes')
General
General characteristics |
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|---|---|
Common name |
Shifting dunes along the shoreline with Ammophila arenaria ('white dunes') |
Region |
Europe |
Water system |
coastal waters |
Nature parameter |
Habitat types |
HR nr |
H2120 |
Fact sheet by |
K.E. van de Wolfshaar |
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Picture: Janssen |
Description habitat
General occurrence
Dunes covered with European Marram Grass (Ammophila arenaria) forming the outer dunes of the coast, are an individual habitat type. The best examples of such a habitat type can be found on places where Marram Grass can spread out and where there is a dynamic coastline. Natural white dunes are rather exceptional in The Netherlands. On many places along the coast, the outer dune row is artificially fixed to protect the coast. This is done by placing rush screen and growing Marram grass and Baltic beach grass (x Calammophila baltica). The latter is also known as "Broad leaf". These fixed Marram grass dunes, where erosion is stopped, are not considered as a habitat type.
Marram grass is a species of the genus Ammophilion arenariae. Besides Marram grass and Baltic beach grass, Lime grass (Leymus arenarius) and Corn sow thistle (Sonchus arvensis var. maritimus) are the most noticeable species. Less common are Sea-holly (Eryngium maritimum), Sea bindwind (Calystegia soldanella) and Sea spurge (Euphorbia paralias). European Marram grass also provides a suitable environment for various exclusive funguses, such as the Rogers mushroom (Agaricus devoniensis), Brown cup fungus (Peziza ammophila) and the remarkable Dune stinkhorn (Phallus hadriani). Well-developed habitat types can be found in the Wadden Sea Islands and some locations in South West Netherlands, often in combination with habitat type (H2110). #1.
Environmental boundary conditions
Marram grass occurs on the outer dunes of coastal areas. This habitat type occurs in the zone above the embryo dunes. The vegetation prefers a slightly lower groundwater level.
Control and growth opportunities
A balanced control is prosperous for the diversity within the Marram grass class. Marram grass flourishes in and near sea villages. However, fungus and insects belonging to this environment prefer places with less human influences #2..
Dose-effect relations
These dose-effect relations are based on habitat factors of the Marram grass class, which are characteristic for this type of dunes.
Flow chart
Dose-effect relations
Uncertainty and validation
These dose-effect relations have not been validated.
Applicability
These dose-effect relations are based on the habitat factors of Marram grass. Habitat factors of white dunes are difficult to formulate as it relates to a landscape characteristic. With the current dose-effect relations, it is therefore not possible to determine the suitability for this habitat type.
Example project
At present, there is no example of a project available.
References
1 http://www.minlnv.nl/natura2000
2 Weeda, E.J., J.H.J. Schaminee, L. van Duuren (2003). Atlas van Plantengemeenschappen in Nederland. Deel3 Kust en binnenlandse pioniermilieus. KNNV Uitgeverij.
