On fresh-saline groundwater in deltaic areas

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PhD Candidate “Rapid regional mapping of fresh-saline groundwater distributions and hydrogeological properties using airborne geophysics”

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2016 4-8 July, 24th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting: Cairns, Australia

2016 10-13 May, 4th Int. Climate Change and Adaptation Conference, Rotterdam, The Netherlands

http://freshsalt.deltares.nl/

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Introduction

Salinisation causes problems for farmers, water managers and nature in many coastal areas of the world. Deltares has in-house databases, numerical modelling techniques, monitoring tools and the knowledge to thoroughly investigate salinisation issues and to implement innovative solutions for a robust climate proof fresh water supply in the coastal zone.

Threats to fresh water resources

Permanent groundwater drainage keeps the polder areas sustainable in a large part of The Netherlands accelerate due to the anticipated sea level rise, climate change, future land subsidence and especially due to human factors like groundwater extraction and lowering of differentiated polder water levels. The processes described here for the Dutch situation prevail in many other deltas and coastal areas. Concluding, not taking any mitigation and/or adaptation measures will lead to a world-wide increase of salinisation.

Focus on regional and local processes

Deltares researchers investigate the processes of fresh, brackish and saline groundwater on different scales. On a regional scale, the effects of climate change, land, and water use change and the combined effects of preventive measures on groundwater salinisation are studied. Other studies give answers on how groundwater concentration changes affect surface water quality. On a local scale, the dynamics of fresh rainwater lenses on saline groundwater as a result of natural or artificial recharge are studied. These lenses allow agriculture where shallow groundwater is very saline. Other research topics are preferential groundwater flow via sandy layers and boils that connect deep saline aquifers with shallow aquifers and with fresh surface water bodies. These preferential flow paths largely contribute to the salinisation of Dutch low-lying areas. Our knowledge is not specific for the Netherlands and can be applied in similar deltaic areas around the world.

Solutions of salinisation problems

Deltares has the knowledge and expertise to study processes in combined fresh and saline groundwater systems. We develop and apply monitoring tools and techniques like the T-EC probe, EM-Slimflex and other online real-time measurement techniques. Moreover, Deltares has the modelling experience and the numeric compute codes (like MOCDENS3D/SEAWAT) at its disposal to simulate variable-density groundwater flow and coupled solute transport. Deltares is engaged in the design of specific measures needed for salinisation prevention and adaptation and for saline aquifer management. We have a long professional track record on groundwater salinisation studies built up during numerous relevant projects worldwide.

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Fresh-saline groundwater in deltaic and coastal areas

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Dr.ir. Gualbert Oude Essink
T +31 (0)6 30550408
gualbert dot oudeessink at deltares dot nl

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Deltares works on various projects on salinisation within themes groundwater, surface water and infrastructure. The table below shows an overview of current and past projects with short descriptions, including the relevant themes, region, approach and time period. More detailed descriptions are available by clicking on a project's title. Please note that by clicking on the column headers, the theme columns can be used to sort by your theme of interest: GROUND / SURFACE / INFRA.

	Project	G	S	I	Region	Approach	Period
	COASTAR COASTAR is aimed at large scale freshwater supply by clever use of the subsurface. By storing freshwater underground and utilising brackish water, coastal areas can be provided with enough water to be used for drinking, irrigation and industry, now and in the future!	X			The Netherlands		2016-present
	FAME Freshwater Availability in the Mekong Delta (FAME) is a collaborative, multiphase project focusing on scoping, piloting and providing upscaling advice to national partners in Vietnam on the implementation of shallow Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) systems. These systems could provide farm-scale solutions to address the water-quality and availability issues being faced in Ben Tre and Trah Vinh provinces in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam.	X			Vietnam		2019-present
	FRESHEM Fresh water supplies cannot be taken for granted in the Province of Zeeland in the Netherlands. The main surface waters are predominantly saline. A detailed picture of the current fresh-salt water distribution is essential to detect possible trends in the subsoil and to respond in time to these trends. This project developed an approach to determine the three-dimensional chloride distribution in the groundwater by using HEM surveys in combination with a priori data, advanced modelling techniques and information about the groundwater system and especially geology.	X			The Netherlands	Airborne EM and numerical modelling	2010-2016
	Haringvliet - Kier Enhancing fish migration leads to salt intrusion into fresh water reservoir. How to manage the salt water intrusion and maintain the fresh water supply to drinking water, agriculture and industry (Port of Rotterdam) is the challenge.		X	X	The Netherlands	Field experiments, 3D hydrodynamic modeling	<period>
	Krammer Locks The Krammer locks form the boundary between the saline Eastern Scheldt and the fresh water Lake Volkerak-Zoom. The locks will have a new method of limiting salt intrusion as a result of lock-operation by by using bubble screens and flushing with fresh water. To optimise lock-operation and manage salt intrusion into the fresh water lake, a decision support system is setup.		X	X	The Netherlands	Sea Lock Formulation	<period>
	GO-FRESH The goal of GO-FRESH (Geohydrological Opportunities Fresh Water supply) is to improve the use of existing fresh groundwater resources and create new freshwater reserves to increase regional self-sufficiency and reduce dependence on external freshwater supplies. The aims of the applied research project are: a. to investigate which measures actually ‘work’ in practice and b. to determine whether those measures are economically feasible.	X			The Netherlands		2012-2017
	Selective Withdrawal at IJmuiden The new shipping lock in IJmuiden will lead to increased salt intrusion into the North Sea Canal and subsequently in the Amsterdam-Rhine Canal. To combat this additional salt intrusion, a selective withdrawal structure will be built that will increase the outflow of saline water from the North Sea Canal. Advanced measurement techniques were applied during physical scale model testing to validate the effectiveness of a salt screen near IJmuiden. These measurements have been used as validation for CFD models, which prove to represent the flow patterns around the salt screen accurately.		X	X	The Netherlands	Physical scale model, CFD	2016-present
<project image>	IJsselmeer <short project description>				The Netherlands	<method>	<period>
<project image>	Rijn-Maasmonding <short project description>				The Netherlands	<method>	<period>
	Rise and Fall This project aims to enhance the capabilities of individuals and organisations to develop sustainable strategies for dealing with groundwater extraction, land subsidence and saltwater intrusion in the increasingly urbanising Mekong Delta (Vietnam). We will enlarge the knowledge base of stakeholders (including policy makers, water managers and scientists) and work with them to develop and implement innovative tools and technologies in practice and policy. A new integrated delta model will be developed, linking surface water, groundwater and geo-mechanical models, to analyse the interrelated character of groundwater extraction, subsidence levels and saltwater intrusion.	X			Vietnam		2014-2018
	Saline groundwater - surface water interaction in coastal lowlands Saline groundwater exfiltration is a common problem in the coastal zone of the Netherlands, but the hydrological processes and physiographic factors involved are not fully understood. Research is being conducted to identify the processes and physiographic factors controlling the spatial variability and temporal dynamics of the exfiltration of saline groundwater to surface water, and therefore the contribution of saline groundwater to surface water salinity.	X	X		The Netherlands		2010-present
	Small Island Developing States (SIDS) Most small islands, such as in the Caribbean or the Pacific but also in Indonesia and the Netherlands often suffer from freshwater security. Surface water resources are limited, and they rely on small precious fresh groundwater lenses which are threatened by coastal erosion and over-exploitation. Deltares studied the dynamics of these fresh groundwater lenses using innovative monitoring techniques and the latest modelling tools.	X					2015-2017
	Smart freshwater management The practice of ‘flushing’ presents a large burden on already limited freshwater resources. Notwithstanding, no formal goals or guidelines existed to manage the use of freshwater for flushing. This practice was found to be inefficient in lowering surface water salt concentrations. Together with water users, transparent and achievable goals were derived, and freshwater management was formalised to achieve these goals.	X			The Netherlands		2015-2017
	SWIBANGLA Bangladesh is densely populated and it is expected that the population increases significantly in the coming decade. Demand for drinking water will increase accordingly. These developments may cause significant changes in the hydrological system, e.g. leading to a drop of groundwater pressures. Moreover, climate change and a sea level rise are predicted by the scenarios drawn by the International Panel of Climate Change (IPCC, 2013). This leads to, among others, an increase of salt water intrusion, in surface water as well as in groundwater. In this project, the focus is on salt water intrusion in coastal groundwater systems, as groundwater is the main resource of drinking water.	X			Bangladesh		2013-2014
	Understanding salinisation processes in the Nile Delta The salinisation of the precious fresh groundwater resources in the Nile Delta due to salt water intrusion and extensive groundwater use is a major concern for Egyptian water users and managers. Groundwater is used for irrigation, industrial and drinking purposes. Sea-level rise and the ongoing increase in the use of groundwater and surface water are expected to have a further negative effect on the groundwater system.	X			Egypt		2013-2015
	Water Nexus "Salt water where possible, freshwater where necessary." Water Nexus is a 6 million euro NWO-STW research programme that ran from 2015 to 2020, supported by 25 partners from multinational and small/middle sized companies, consultancy firms, research institutes, water boards, and the Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment.	X			The Netherlands		2015-2020
	Nature Coast The Sand Motor pilot creates a dynamic environment along the coastline of the Netherlands, in which (continuous) changes in the distribution of fresh and salt groundwater take place. Although the magnitude of the spatial and temporal changes in the density of the coastal groundwater is not known beforehand, it creates an ideal circumstance for the advancement of our knowledge on seawater intrusion processes.	X			The Netherlands		2013-2016

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A list of all Deltares publications on salinisation topics is shown below. Quickly navigate to publications within themes infrastructure, groundwater or surface water.

INTEGRAL

INFRA

Articles

Reports

GROUND

Articles

Bakx, W., Bense, V.F., Karaoulis, M., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Bierkens, M.F.P., 2023. Measuring groundwater flow velocities near drinking water extraction wells in unconsolidated sediments. 15 (10), Water (Switzerland), https://doi.org/10.3390/w15122167
Delsman, J.R., Mulder, T., Verastegui, B.R., Bootsma, H., Zitman, P., Huizer, S., Oude Essink, G.H.P., 2023. Reproducible construction of a high-resolution national variable-density groundwater salinity model for the Netherlands. Environ. Model. Softw. 105683. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2023.105683
Seibert, S.L., Greskowiak, J., Bungenstock, F., Freund, H., Karle, M., Meyer, R., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Van Engelen, J., Massmann, G., 2023. Paleo-hydrogeological modeling to understand present-day groundwater salinities in a low-lying coastal groundwater system (Northwestern Germany). Water Resources Research, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022WR033151
Van Engelen, J., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Bierkens, M.F.P., 2022. Sustainability of fresh groundwater resources in fifteen major deltas around the world. Environ. Res. Lett. 113650. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/aca16c
Karaoulis, M., Ritsema, I., Bremmer, C., De Kleine, M., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Ahlrichs, E., 2022. DroneBorne Electromagnetic (DR-EM) Surveying in The Netherlands: Lab and Field Validation Results. Water (Switzerland) 5335, 1–20. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14215335
Pauw, P.S., Van den Ham, J., Heinis, F., Willeman, R., Essink, G.O., Pefkos, M., Jansen, R.T.H., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Pefkos, M., Jansen, R.T.H., 2022. Groundwater salinity monitoring using a new fiber optic sensor. Groundw. Monit. Remediat. 1–2. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwmr.12532
Aydin, B.E., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Delsman, J.R., Van de Giesen, N., Abraham, E., 2022. Nonlinear model predictive control of salinity and water level in polder networks: Case study of Lissertocht catchment. Agric. Water Manag. 264, 11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2022.107502
Zamrsky, D., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Sutanudjaja, E.H., Van Beek, L.P.H., Bierkens, M.F.P., 2022. Offshore fresh groundwater in coastal unconsolidated sediment systems as a potential fresh water source in the 21st century. Environ. Res. Lett. 17. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac4073
King, J., Mulder, T., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Bierkens, M.F.P., 2022. Joint estimation of groundwater salinity and hydrogeological parameters using variable-density groundwater flow, salt transport modelling and airborne electromagnetic surveys. Adv. Water Resour. 160, 104118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.104118
Thorslund, J., Bierkens, M.F.P., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Sutanudjaja, E.H., Van Vliet, M.T.H., 2021. Common irrigation drivers of freshwater salinisation in river basins worldwide. Nat. Commun. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24281-8.
Gunnink, J., Pham, H. Van, Oude Essink, G.H.P., Bierkens, M.F.P., 2021. The 3D groundwater salinity distribution and fresh groundwater volumes in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, inferred from geostatistical analyses. Earth Syst. Sci. Data 13, 3297–3319. https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-3297-2021.
Verkaik, J., Van Engelen, J., Huizer, S., Bierkens, M.F.P., Lin, H.X., Oude Essink, G.H.P., 2021. Distributed memory parallel computing of three-dimensional variable-density groundwater flow and salt transport. Adv. Water Resour. 154, 103976. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.103976.
Verkaik, J., Hughes, J.D., Van Walsum, P.E.V., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Lin, H.X., Bierkens, M.F.P., 2021. Distributed memory parallel groundwater modeling for the Netherlands Hydrological Instrument. Environ. Model. Softw. 143, 105092. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2021.105092
Willet, J., Wetser, K., Dykstra, J.E., Bianchi, A.B., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Rijnaarts, H.H.M., 2021. WaterROUTE: a model for cost optimization of industrial water supply networks when using water resources with varying salinity. Water Res. 117390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2021.117390
Van Engelen, J., Bierkens, M.F.P., Delsman, J.R., Oude Essink, G.H.P., 2021. Factors determining the natural fresh-salt groundwater distribution in deltas. Water Resour. Res. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020WR027290 Van Engelen et al._2020_Factors determining the natural fresh‐salt groundwater distribution in deltas.pdf
Karamouz, M., Mahmoodzadeh, D., Oude Essink, G.H.P., 2020. A risk-based groundwater modeling framework in coastal aquifers : a case study on Long Island , New York , USA. Hydrogeology Journal. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-020-02197-9
Willet, J., King, J., Wetser, K., Dykstra, J.E., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Rijnaarts, H.H.M., 2020. Water supply network model for sustainable industrial resource use a case study of Zeeuws-Vlaanderen in the Netherlands. Water Resour. Ind. 24, 100131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wri.2020.100131
King, J., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Karaolis, M., Bierkens, M.F.P., 2020. A practical quantification of error sources in regional-scale airborne groundwater salinity mapping. Environ. Res. Lett. 1–18. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab7b23
Zamrsky, D., Karssenberg, M.E., Cohen, K.M., Bierkens, M.F.P., Oude Essink, G.H.P., 2020. Geological heterogeneity of coastal unconsolidated groundwater systems worldwide and its influence on offshore fresh groundwater occurrence. Front. Earth Sci. 7, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2019.00339
Haasnoot, M., Kwadijk, J.C.J., Van Alphen, J., Le Bars, D., Van den Hurk, B., Diermanse, F., Der Van Spek, A., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Delsman, J.R., Mens, M. 2019. Adaptation to uncertain sea-level rise; how uncertainty in Antarctic mass-loss impacts the coastal adaptation strategy of the Netherlands. Environ. Res. Lett. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/ab666c
Van Engelen, J., Verkaik, J., King, J., Nofal, E. R., Bierkens, M. F. P., Oude Essink, G. H. P. 2019: A three-dimensional palaeohydrogeological reconstruction of the groundwater salinity distribution in the Nile Delta Aquifer, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 23, 5175–5198, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-23-5175-2019.
Mabrouk, M., Jonoski, A., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Uhlenbrook, S., 2019. Assessing the fresh-saline groundwater distribution in the Nile Delta Aquifer using a 3D variable-density groundwater flow model. Water (Switzerland) 1–22., 11, 1946 doi:10.3390/w11091946
Huizer, S., Luijendijk, A.P., Bierkens, M.F.P., Oude Essink, G.H.P., 2019. Global potential for the growth of fresh groundwater resources with large beach nourishments. Sci. Rep. 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-48382-z
Bakx, W., Doornenbal, P.J., Weesep, R.J., Bense, V.F., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Bierkens, M.F.P. 2019. Determining the Relation between Groundwater Flow Velocities and Measured Temperature Differences Using Active Heating-Distributed Temperature Sensing. Water, 11, 1619. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11081619
Aydin, B.E., Hagedooren, H., Rutten, M., Delsman, J., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Abraham, E., 2019. A Greedy Heuristic for Optimal Sensor Placement for Estimating Salinity in a Polder. Water (Switzerland) 11, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/w11051101
Hung Van Pham, Van Geer, F.C., Bui Tran, V., Dubelaar, W.,Oude Essink, G.H.P. 2019. Paleo-hydrogeological reconstruction of the fresh-saline groundwater distribution in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta since the late Pleistocene. Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies, 23(February), 100594. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2019.100594.
De Louw, P.G.B., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Delsman, J.R., Van Baaren, E.S., America, I., Van Engelen, J., 2019. Het langetermijngeheugen van de zoet-zoutverdeling. Stromingen 33, 43–60. link
Aydin, B.E., Tian, X., Delsman, J., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Rutten, M., Abraham, E., 2019. Optimal Salinity and Water Level Control of Polder Ditches using Model Predictive Control. Environ. Model. Softw. doi:10.1016/j.envsoft.2018.11.010
Mabrouk, M., Jonoski, A., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Uhlenbrook, S., 2018. Impacts of Sea Level Rise and Groundwater Extraction Scenarios on Fresh Groundwater Resources in the Nile Delta Governorates, Egypt. Water 10, 1690. doi:10.3390/w10111690
King, J., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Karaolis, M., Siemon, B., Bierkens, M.F.P., 2018. Quantifying inversion algorithms using airborne frequency domain electromagnetic data – applied at the Province of Zeeland, the Netherlands. Water Resour. Res. 2060, 1–22. doi:10.1029/2018WR023165
Zamrsky, D., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Bierkens, M.F.P.: 2018. Estimating the thickness of unconsolidated coastal aquifers along the global coastline, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 10, 1591-1603, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-1591-2018
Delsman, J., Van Baaren, E.S., Siemon, B., Dabekaussen, W., Karaoulis, M.C., Pauw, P., Vermaas, T., Bootsma, H., De Louw, P.G.B., Gunnink, J.L., Dubelaar, W., Menkovic, A., Steuer, A., Meyer, U., Revil, A., Oude Essink, G.H.P., 2018. Large-scale, probabilistic salinity mapping using airborne electromagnetics for groundwater management in Zeeland, the Netherlands. Environ. Res. Lett. 13. doi:10.1088/1748-9326/aad19e Delsman_2018_Environ._Res._Lett._13_084011.pdf
Post, V.E.A., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Szymkiewicz, A., Bakker, M., Houben, G., Custodio, E., Voss, C., 2018, Celebrating 50 years of SWIMs (Salt Water Intrusion Meetings). Hydrogeology, 26:1767–1770. https://doi-org.proxy.library.uu.nl/10.1007/s10040-018-1800-8
Van Engelen, J., Oude Essink, G. H. P., Kooi, H., and Bierkens, M. F. P. 2018. On the origins of hypersaline groundwater in the Nile Delta aquifer. Journal of Hydrology, 560, 301-317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2018.03.029
Huizer, S., Radermacher, M., de Vries, S., Oude Essink, G. H. P., and Bierkens, M. F. P. 2018. Impact of coastal forcing and groundwater recharge on the growth of a fresh groundwater lens in a mega-scale beach nourishment, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 22, 1065-1080, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-1065-2018.
Huizer, S., Karaoulis, M.C., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Bierkens, M.F.P., 2017, Monitoring and simulation of salinity changes in response to tide and storm surges in a sandy coastal aquifer system, Water Resources Research, doi: 10.1002/2016WR020339
Revil, A., Coperey, A., Shao, Z., Florsch, N., Fabricius, I.L.L., Deng, Y., Delsman, J.R., Pauw, P.S., Karaoulis, M., De Louw, P.G.B., Van Baaren, E.S., Dabekaussen, W., Menkovic, A., Gunnink, J.L. 2017. Complex conductivity of soils. Water Resources Research, 53(8), 7121–7147. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017WR020655 Revil_et_al-2017-Water_Resources_Research.pdf
Delsman, J.R., De Louw, P.G.B., De Lange, W.J., Oude Essink, G.H.P., 2017, Fast calculation of groundwater exfiltration salinity in a lowland catchment using a lumped celerity / velocity approach, Environmental Modelling and Software, 96, 323–334, doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2017.07.004 2017_Delsman_etal_1-s2.0-S1364815217301470-main.pdf
Eeman, S., De Louw, P.G.B., van der Zee, S.E.A.T.M., 2017. Cation exchange in a temporally fluctuating thin freshwater lens on top of saline groundwater. Hydrogeol. J. 25, 223–241. doi:10.1007/s10040-016-1475-y.
Huizer, S., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Bierkens, M.F.P., 2016, Fresh groundwater resources in a large sand replenishment, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 20, 3149-3166, doi:10.5194/hess-20-3149-2016. 2016_Huizer_hess-20-3149-2016.pdf
Stofberg, S.F., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Pauw, P., De Louw, P.G.B., Leijnse, A., van der Zee, S.E.A.T.M., 2016, Fresh Water Lens Persistence and Root Zone Salinization Hazard Under Temperate Climate, Water Resources Management, doi: 10.1007/s11269-016-1315-9. 2016_Stofberg_etal_FWL_art%3A10.1007%2Fs11269-016-1315-9.pdf
Delsman, J. R., Winters, P., Vandenbohede, A., Oude Essink, G. H.P. and Lebbe, L., 2016, Global sampling to assess the value of diverse observations in conditioning a real-world groundwater flow and transport model. Water Resour. Res. doi:10.1002/2014WR016476.Delsman_et_al-2016-Water_Resources_Research.pdf
Pauw P.S., van der Zee S.E.A.T.M., Leijnse A., Oude Essink G.H.P., 2015, Saltwater Upconing Due to Cyclic Pumping by Horizontal Wells in Freshwater Lenses. Ground Water, Vol 54 (4), 521-531. doi: 10.1111/gwat.12382.
Pauw, P.S., Van Baaren, E.S., Visser, M. De Louw, P.G.B., Oude Essink, G.H.P., 2015, Increasing a freshwater lens below a creek ridge using a controlled artificial recharge and drainage system: a case study in the Netherlands, Hydrogeology Journal. doi: 10.1007/s10040-015-1264-z. 2015_Pauw_etal_CARD.pdf
De Louw, P.G.B., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Eeman, S., Van Baaren, E.S., Vermue, E., Delsman, J.R., Pauw, P.S., Siemon, B., Gunnink, J.L., Post, V.E.A., 2015, Dunne regenwaterlenzen in zoute kwelgebieden, Landschap, 32, 5-15.Landschap 1-2015 De Louw.pdf
Zeghici, R.M., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Hartog, N., Sommer, W., 2015, Integrated assessment of variable density–viscosity groundwater flow for a high temperature mono-well aquifer thermal energy storage (HT-ATES) system in a geothermal reservoir. Geothermics, 55, 58–68. doi: 10.1016/j.geothermics.2014.12.006.
Pauw, P.S., van der Zee, S.E.A.T.M., Leijnse, A., Delsman, J.R., De Louw, P.G.B., de Lange, W.J., Oude Essink, G.H.P. 2015. Low-Resolution Modeling of Dense Drainage Networks in Confining Layers, Ground water, 1-11, doi: 10.1111/gwat.12273
Delsman, J.R., Waterloo, M.J., Groen, M.M.A. Groen, J., Stuyfzand, P.J. 2014 Investigating summer flow paths in a Dutch agricultural field using high frequency direct measurements, J. Hydrology, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.10.058
De Lange, W.J., Prinsen, G.F., Hoogewoud, J.C., Veldhuizen, A., Verkaik, J., Oude Essink, G.H.P., van Walsum, P.E.V., Delsman, J.R., Hunink, J.C., Massop, H.T.L., Kroon, T., 2014. An operational, multi-scale, multi-model system for consensus-based, integrated water management and policy analysis: The Netherlands Hydrological Instrument. Environmental Modelling & Software 59, 98–108, doi: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.05.009.
Pauw, P.S., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Leijnse, A., Vandenbohede, A., Groen, J., van der Zee, S.E.A.T.M. 2014. Regional scale impact of tidal forcing on groundwater flow in unconfined coastal aquifers, J. Hydrology, 517, 269–283, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.042
Delsman, J.R., Hu-a-ng, K.R.M., Vos, P.C., de Louw, P.G.B., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Stuyfzand, P.J., & Bierkens, M.F.P. 2014. Paleo-modeling of coastal saltwater intrusion during the Holocene: an application to the Netherlands. Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 18(10), 3891–3905, doi: 10.5194/hess-18-3891-2014.
Vandenbohede, A., de Louw, P.G.B., Doornenbal, P.J.P.J., 2014. Characterizing preferential groundwater discharge through boils using temperature. Journal of Hydrology 510, 372–384, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.01.006
De Louw, P.G.B., Eeman, S., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Vermue, E., Post, V.E.A. 2013. Rainwater lens dynamics and mixing between infiltrating rainwater and upward saline groundwater seepage beneath a tile-drained agricultural field. J. Hydrology, 501, 133-145, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.07.026
Delsman, J.R., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Beven, K.J., Stuyfzand, P.J. 2013. Uncertainty estimation of end-member mixing using generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE), applied in a lowland catchment, Water Resour. Res., 49 , 4792 – 4806, doi: 10.1002/wrcr.20341.
De Louw, P.G.B., Vandenbohede, A., Werner, A.D., Oude Essink, G.H.P. 2013. Natural saltwater upconing by preferential groundwater discharge through boils. J. Hydrol., 490, 74-87, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.03.025
Faneca Sànchez , M., Gunnink , J.L., van Baaren , E.S., Oude Essink , G.H.P., Siemon, B. , Auken, E. , Elderhorst, W. , de Louw, P.G.B. 2012. Modelling climate change effects on a Dutch coastal groundwater system using airborne Electro Magnetic measurements, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 16, 4499-4516, doi: 10.5194/hess-16-4499-2012.
Pauw, P.S., Louw, P.G.B., de, Oude Essink, G.H.P. 2012. Groundwater salinization in the Wadden Sea area of the Netherlands; quantifying the effects of climate change, sea level rise and anthropogenic interferences, Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 91-3, 373-383, doi: 10.1017/S0016774600000500
Harbo, M.S., Pedersen, J. Johnsen., R. and Petersen, K. 2012. (Eds) The CLIWAT handbook: Groundwater in a future climate, www.cliwat.eu. 184 p.
Oude Essink, G.H.P. and Kooi, H. 2012. Land-subsidence and sea-level rise threaten fresh water resources in the coastal groundwater system of the Rijnland water board, The Netherlands, p. 227-248, Chapter 13 in: Climate Change Effects on Groundwater Resources: A Global Synthesis of Findings and Recommendations, Treidel, H., Martin-Bordes, J.L. and Gurdak, J.J. (Eds), 401 p.
Louw, P.G.B., de, Eeman, S., Siemon, B., Voortman, B.R., Gunnink, J., van Baaren, E.S., and Oude Essink, G.H.P., 2011, Shallow rainwater lenses in deltaic areas with saline seepage, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 3659-3678, doi: 10.5194/hess-15-3659-2011.
Louw, P.G.B., de, van der Velde, Y., and van der Zee, S.E.A.T.M. 2011. Quantifying water and salt fluxes in a lowland polder catchment dominated by boil seepage: a probabilistic end-member mixing approach, Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 2101-2117, doi: 10.5194/hess-15-2101-2011.
Louw, P.G.B., de, Oude Essink, G.H.P., Stuyfzand, P.J., Zee, van der, S.E.A.T.M. 2010. Upward groundwater flow in boils as the dominant mechanism of salinization in deep polders, The Netherlands, J. Hydrol. 394, 494-506, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.10.009
Oude Essink, G.H.P., E.S. van Baaren, and P.G.B. de Louw. 2010. Effects of climate change on coastal groundwater systems: A modeling study in the Netherlands, Water Resour. Res., 46, W00F04, doi: 10.1029/2009WR008719.
Goes, B.J.M., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Vernes, R.W. and Sergi, F. 2009. Estimating the depth of fresh and brackish groundwater in a predominantly saline region using geophysical and hydrological methods, Zeeland, the Netherlands, Near Surface Geophysics 401-412, doi: 10.3997/1873-0604.2009048.
Giambastiani, B.M.S., Antonellini, M., Oude Essink, G.H.P. and Stuurman, R.J. 2007. Saltwater intrusion and water management in the unconfined coastal aquifer of Ravenna (Italy): a numerical model, J. of Hydrol. (340), 1-2, 91-104, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2007.04.001.
De Louw, P. and Oude Essink, G.H.P. 2006. Salinisation of the Northern coastal area of the Netherlands due to land subsidence and sea level rise. In: Jun Xu, Y. and Singh, V.P. (Eds.): Coastal Environmental and Water Quality, AIH Annual Meeting & International Conference, Challenges in Coastal Hydrology and Water Quality, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 167-179.
Langevin, C.D., G.H.P. Oude Essink, Panday, S., Bakker, M., Prommer, H., Swain, E.D., Jones, W., Beach, M. and Barcelo, M. 2003. MODFLOW-Based Tools for Simulation of Variable-Density Groundwater Flow. In: Coastal Aquifer Management-Monitoring, Modeling and Case Studies. A.H.-D. Cheng and D. Ouazar, CRC Press, 30-76.
Bakker, M., Oude Essink, G.H.P. and Langevin, C.D. 2004. The rotating movement of three immiscible fluids, J. of Hydrol. (287), 270-278, doi: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2003.10.007.
Bouw, L. and Oude Essink, G.H.P. 2003. Development of a freshwater lens in the inverted Broad Fourteens Basin, Netherlands offshore, J. of Geochemical Exploration 78-79: 321-325, doi: 10.1016/S0375-6742(03)00113-4.
Bouw, L. and Oude Essink, G.H.P. 2003. Fluid flow during Late Cretaceous inversion of the northern Broad Fourteens Basin, Netherlands J. of Geosciences 82 (1): 55-69.
Oude Essink, G.H.P. 2001. Salt Water Intrusion in a Three-dimensional Groundwater System in The Netherlands: a Numerical Study, Transport in Porous Media 43(1): 137-158, doi: 10.1023/A:1010625913251
Oude Essink, G.H.P. 2001. Improving fresh groundwater supply - problems and solutions. Ocean & Coastal Management 44: 429-449, doi: 10.1016/S0964-5691(01)00057-6
Oude Essink, G.H.P. 2001. Saltwater intrusion in 3D large-scale aquifers: a Dutch case, Phys. & Chem. of the Earth 26(4): 337-344, doi: 10.1016/S1464-1909(01)00016-8.
Oude Essink, G.H.P. 2001. Density dependent groundwater flow at the island of Texel, The Netherlands. Proc. 16th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, Miedzyzdroje-Wolin Island, Poland: 47-54.
Klein, R.J.T., R.J. Nicholls, G.H.P. Oude Essink, N. Minura and R.A. Warrick. 1998. Coastal Zones (Chapter 7). Unites Nations Environmental Programme, in UNEP Handbook on Methods for Climate Change Impact Assessments and Adaptation Strategies,. J.F. Feenstra, I. Burton, J.B. Smith and R.S.J. Tol (Eds), CRC Press, 464 p.
Oude Essink, G.H.P. 1998. MOC3D adapted to simulate 3D density-dependent groundwater flow. In: Proc.MODFLOW'98 Conference, October 4-8, 1998, Golden, Colorado, USA, Vol. I, 291-303.
Oude Essink, G.H.P. 1996. Impact of sea level rise on groundwater flow regimes. A sensitivity analysis for the Netherlands. Ph.D. thesis, Delft University of Technology. Delft Studies in Integrated Water Management: no. 7 ISBN 90-407-1330-8. 428 p.
Oude Essink, G.H.P. Boekelman, R.H., 1996. Problems with large-scale modelling of salt water intrusion in 3D, Proc. 14th Salt Water Intrusion Meeting, Malmo, Sweden.
Jelgersma, S., M. J. Tooley, G.H.P. Oude Essink, R.H. Boekelman, M.C.J. Bosters, W.J. Wolff, K.S. Dijksma, B.J. Ens, L. Bijlsma, R. Hillen, and R. Misdorp. 1993. Sea Level Changes and their Consequences for Hydrology and Water Management, State of the Art Report, UNESCO, IHP-IV Project H-2-2, 135 p.

PhD-theses

Conferences

EGU 2023, Vienna (https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU23/session/46604):
1. Assessing the impact of climate change and anthropogenic factors on future salinization of a low-lying coastal groundwater system (Northwestern Germany), SL Seibert, J Greskowiak, L Karrasch, B Siebenhüner, GHP Oude Essink, et al.
2. Detailed monitoring and simulation of groundwater salinity in response to extractions in a coastal aquifer system, T Hendrikx, GHP Oude Essink, M Karaoulis, M Bierkens
3. 3D groundwater salinity mapping of the global coastal zone, GHP Oude Essink, D Zamrsky, J King, J Delsman, J Verkaik, M Bierkens
4. A study on the suitability and quantitative potential of aquifer storage and recovery and brackish water extraction in Dutch coastal areas, I America-van den Heuvel, J King, H Bootsma, J Delsman, et al.
5. Effects of surface water boundary condition scaling on modelled groundwater salinity and salt fluxes, I Farias, GHP Oude Essink, P de Louw, MFP Bierkens
6. New developments in the field of global coastal groundwater salinity modelling and mapping, GHP Oude Essink, D Zamrsky, J King, J Delsman, J Verkaik, M Bierkens
Groundwater key to the SDGs, Paris, France, 18 May 2023: Oude Essink, G.H.P., Minderhoud, P.S.J., Phạm, H.V., Schoonderwoerd, E., De Keijzer, O.; Groundwater (mis)management in sinking and saltier deltas: The Mekong Delta case
XXIV International Conference on Computational Methods in Water Resources (CMWR), Gdansk, Poland, 20-23 June 2022 (convenor Gu Oude Essink), presentation Joeri van Engelen:
Stockholm World Water Week, session 31 Augustus 2022 (convenors Schoonderwoerd, E. De Keizer, O., Oude Essink, G.H.P.): Groundwater management: key to resilient deltas for food and nature-
AGU, Dec 2022 Chicago, Global 3D groundwater salinity mapping and its impacts on public health risks; Gribble O'Madigan, M., Zamrsky, D., Oude Essink, G.H.P., Bierkens, M.F.P., King, J. Delsman, J., Verkaik, J., Wheeler, B., Fleming, L.
UNESCO conference 8-10 November 2022, Paris, France: ‘Management coastal aquifers and related ecosystems in the Mediterranean’, presentation ‘Ongoing research on salt water intrusion’, presenter Oude Essink, G.H.P.
17-18 October 2022, Venezia, Italy: Knowledge HUB on sea-level rise, https://knowledgehubsealevelrise.org/, presentation Quantification of groundwater salinization and inland freshwater demand caused by extreme sea level rise in the Netherlands, presenter Oude Essink, G.H.P.

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Lectures Density dependent groundwater flow, IHE, Delft, 8-9-10 April 2024

Download: Powerpoint presentation sheets: pdf format

Download: Lecture Notes: Density Dependent Groundwater Flow

Download: Animations

Exercises

Vertical interface:

Download: Vertical interface: pdf document
Download: Vertical interface: word docx document
Download: Vertical interface: PMWIN files

Freshwater lens:

Download: Freshwater lens: pdf document
Download: Freshwater lens: word docx document
Download: Freshwater lens: PMWIN files

Henry's problem:

Download: Henry's problem: pdf document
Download: Henry's problem: word docx document
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Elder's problem:

Download: Elder's problem: pdf document
Download: Elder's problem: PMWIN files

Download: word documents Henry, Elder, Vertical Interface, Freshwater Lens

Additional material

Download: info on numerical dispersion and oscillation: Chapter 8, p. 119-132

Download: animation Elder

Download: Solution exercises lecture notes

Total Commander: link

Download: Some Total Commander Hotkeys

Movies

Course Hazards and risk assessment GEO4-4425, Utrecht University, 20 March 2020

Topic: Vulnerability of groundwater systems to flooding events

Download: Powerpoint presentation: pdf format
Download: Effect saline flooding event on groundwater: pdf document
Download: saltfresh_flooding: PMWIN files, Exercise 1
Download: saltfresh_flooding: PMWIN files, Exercise 5

Regional Workshop on Saltwater Intrusion Modeling & Implications of Sea Level Rise, July 23-24, 2014

Lecture Notes Density Dependent Groundwater Flow: Salt water intrusion in coastal aquifers

Auteur: Gualbert Oude Essink
Dictaat: Density Dependent Groundwater Flow

1 Introduction
2 Characteristics of a density dependen groundwater system
3 Freshwater head
4 The concept of a fresh-saline interface
5 Control of salt water intrusion
6 Numerical modelling
7 Salt water intrusion in the Netherlands
8 Heat transport in porous media: introduction

Lecture Notes Groundwater Modelling

Auteur: Gualbert Oude Essink
Dictaat: Groundwater Modelling
PART I Modelling Protocol
1 Introduction
2 Classiﬁcation of mathematical models
3 Methodology of modelling
4 Data gathering
PART II Groundwater Modelling
5 Introduction
6 Mathematical description of hydrogeologic processes
7 Solution techniques
8 Numerical aspects of groundwater models
9 Some selected groundwater codes

Animations: examples of salinisation processes

Henry's profile with sea level rise	3D zoet-zout verdeling ondergrond NL	Fresh water injection to combat salinisation	3D zoet-zout verdeling ondergrond Texel	Regional groundwater flow, partly captured by a sandy boil

Henry's profile with sea level rise	3D zoet-zout verdeling ondergrond NL	Fresh water injection to combat salinisation	3D zoet-zout verdeling ondergrond Texel	Regional groundwater flow, partly captured by a sandy boil

Physical barrier in the coastal zone	Dutch profile: extraction, upconing and low inland levels	Profile over 3D model: effect sea level rise on salinisation	Movement of the island De Griend (NL): creation of a freshwater lens	Evolution of a freshwater lens

Physical barrier in the coastal zone	Dutch profile extraction, upconing and low inland levels	Profile over 3D model: effect sea level rise on salinisation	Movement of the island De Griend (NL): creation of a freshwater lens	Evolution of a freshwater lens

Upconing saline groundwater under a low-lying area	Ontwikkeling van een zoetwaterlens	3D salinity groundwater distribution of the Nile Delta, Egypt

Upconing saline groundwater under a low-lying area	Development lens	Nile delta

CRYSTECHSALIN

Download:
Proceedings Meeting 21-24 September 2002, Scanzano, Italy

Homage Prof. Custodio:

article: Salinisation of groundwater resources in the Dutch Deltaic Area: modelling, monitoring, Climate Change and Solutions

G-EMMA is software written to facilitate end-member mixing analysis within a GLUE uncertainty assessment framework.

G-EMMA has its own website: http://g-emma.deltares.nl/

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Home Projects Methods and Tools Knowledge Base Internships Publications Contact

Students have been contributing to our salinisation projects for a long time now. Many different types of projects are possible, ranging from detailed numerical modelling to larger scale system analyses. Please find a list of currently available topics and past internships below.

Available internship topics

INTEGRAL Contact: salinisation@deltares.nl

Creating a map of salinisation world wide
Mapping the impact of salinisation on health, ecology, and economy
Working on an assessment framework for different measures

INFRA Contact:

<topic>

GROUND Contact: Gualbert.OudeEssink@deltares.nl

The impact of salinisation in ground- and surface water on: a. health and b. agriculture and food production. One component is improving a global salinisation map with local models and data (e.g. Mekong delta)
Simulating the effect of different scenarios on climate change/sea-level rise and anthropogenic stresses on fresh groundwater in the Mekong delta, using the existing 3D model
On the water - food nexus in the Nile delta: communicating, understanding and monitoring groundwater availability, collaboration with the universities Kafr El Sheikh and Sadat City; also a visit to Egypt is planned.
Comparison of 2D and 3D groundwater flow and salinity model estimations in deltaic regions
Assessing the economic and technic feasibility of offshore groundwater pumping
Assessing the effect of model parameters (e.g. solute solvers, grid convergence) on variable-density groundwater and salt transport benchmark cases using iMOD-SEAWAT and/or MODFLOW6
Fresh groundwater resources management at a farmers level in the province of Zeeland, The Netherlands: setting up robust web-based clipping tools; a modelling study
Assessing submarine groundwater discharge along coastal stretches: a global analysis
Setting up a 3D variable-density groundwater flow model simulating salt water intrusion in a deltaic area: possible cases: the Bengal, Indus, Po, Yangtze, Pearl river deltas

SURFACE Contact:

<topic>

Past internships

Quickly navigate to past internships within themes infrastructure, groundwater or surface water.

INFRA

Lucero Avila Ruiz (2022), Eindhoven University of Technology, "The flushing procedure in salt filled cavities".

Sam Maijvis (2022), Eindhoven University of Technology, "Numerical modelling of selective withdrawal for the mitigation of salt intrusion".

Gijs Arts (2021), Eindhoven University of Technology, "Predicting salt concentration by selective withdrawal of salt water through a salt screen".

Arco van Beek (2021), Eindhoven University of Technology, "The influence of a flushing discharge on lock-exchange".

Noor ten Harmsen van der Beek (2021), Delft University of Technology, "Mixing of salinity by ship traffic in canals".

Vaishnavi Duraisamy (2019), Eindhoven University of Technology, "Numerical modelling and analysis of a bubble screen".

Arthur Oldeman (2019), Eindhoven University of Technology, "Numerical Modeling of Bubble Screens for Mitigating Salt Intrusion in Sea Locks".

Vaishnavi Duraisamy (2018), Eindhoven University of Technology, "Bubble screen experimental data analysis".

Lina Nikolaidou (2018), Delft University of Technology, "Effectivity of a bubble screen as separator of water of different densities".

Laurens de Boer (2017), Hogeschool Rotterdam, "In welke mate kan optimalisatie van de schutoperatie bijdragen aan het beperken van zoutindringing door schutsluizen?".

Annika Blom (2015), RWTH Aachen University, "Validation and application of CFD for lock exchange currents in the Krammer yacht lock".

Mike van Meerkerk (2014), Delft University of Technology, "Modeling of a Bubble Curtain".

Steven Kaptein (2012), Bordeaux Institute of Technology, "Estimation of salt intrusion through locks".

GROUND

2023

Mohammed M.F. Alkurd, IHE-Delft, Paleo-hydrogeographical model for the Levant applying 3D supra-regional coastal groundwater modelling approach.

2022

Aisyah F. Salsabila, IHE-Delft, Global Vulnerability Mapping of Coastal Zones Prone to Saltwater Intrusion.

2021

Thijs Hendrikx, Utrecht University, Numerical computation of hurricane-induced saltwater intrusion on fresh groundwater availability in peninsular Florida under different climate scenarios

2020

Verduijn, H., , Utrecht University, Exploration of the Effects of Aquifer Storage and Recovery solutions on the Water Quality and Quantity in a sandy ridge system in Ben Tre , Vietnamese Mekong Delta, based on 3D Variable-Density Groundwater Modelling.
Obeid, A.A.A., IHE-Delft, Sensitivity analysis of variable-density groundwater models.
Daoud, M.G.M., ITC Enschede, Testing the variable-density module of MODFLOW6 on a case considering groundwater extraction in a fresh-saline groundwater environment in the province of Zeeland, The Netherlands.
Bregman, S., WUR, Viability of an alternative cropping system using shallow freshwater lenses in Tra Vinh and Ben Tre, Vietnam.
Kruijt, A., Utrecht University, FAME Fieldwork report, Internship report UU.
Josh Shankel, Utrecht University, Exploration of shallow sandy ridge systems for aquifer storage and recovery solutions in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Wouter Goofers, Utrecht University, Paleo-hydrogeographic reconstruction of the groundwater salinity in the Ayeyarwady Delta, Myanmar, using a 3D variable-density groundwater model

2019

Eva Schoonderwoerd, Utrecht University, Modelling density-dependent flow with the use of MODFLOW 6, The effect of spatial and temporal discretization
Romero Verastegui, Betsy D., IHE-Delft. Comparison of different methodologies to estimate the freshwater-saltwater distribution in coastal aquifers
Lennart Brokx, Utrecht University, Projecting the Effects of Saltwater Intrusion on the Fresh Groundwater Resources of Southeastern Louisiana and the New Orleans Area , USA , based on 3D Variable-Density Groundwater Modelling

2018

Lars Geitenbeek, Utrecht University, Saline groundwater extraction as a measure to increase the freshwater availability; A case study for the western parts of the Netherlands
Romero Verastegui, Betsy D., IHE-Delft, Generating variable-density groundwater benchmarks in 2D using iMOD-SEAWAT.
Hendrikx, N., Utrecht University, Identifying the most important factors that determine fresh groundwater availability in deltaic areas
Hugo Hagendoorn, Delft University of Technology, Measuring and modelling to optimise a salinity monitoring network for use in the optimal control of flushing: Case study: Lissertocht catchment
Colin Manz, University of Aachen, Germany, Variable-density groundwater flow and coupled salt transport models of the Chao Phraya Delta, Thailand
Tobias Mulder, Utrecht University, Constructing 3D variable-density groundwater flow models for six deltas using global data sets

2017

Wayangi Lakshani Weerasekera, IHE-Delft, 3D Variable-density Groundwater Modelling of the Red River Delta, Vietnam

2016

Lubna Badi, Utrecht University, BSc, Securing freshwater supply with measures to diminish the effect of sea-level rise by climate change (Literature review on state-of-art SWI research and a case study on SIDS in the Pacific)
Björn Bolhuis, Utrecht University, Developing an automated open source system for coastal multi-hazard assessment and management of water resources in a changing climate (Based on the Coastal Hazard Wheel system)

2015

Steven Ros, Utrecht University, The Nile Delta, Egypt: creating a fresh-salt water model
Marjolein Vogels, Utrecht University, Modelling the central coastal groundwater system of Bangladesh

2014

Jan Snel, Wageningen UR, Oplossingen ten behoeve van zoetwatervoorziening voor de landbouw op Schouwen-Duiveland
Mieke Hulshof, Wageningen UR, Spatial scales in salinity modeling, case Waterdunen, Zeeland (Folkert Hellinga Award 2014)
Daniel Zamrsky, Wageningen UR, Coastal vulnerability to tsunami impacts and modelling SWI in aquifers situated in the most vulnerable areas
Carlos Rosado de Palacio, Utrecht University, Water system analysis and numerical modelling of a coastal aquifer in western Mexico: a case study

2013

Marjan Sommeijer, WUR, Identifying suitable locations for infiltration of fresh water in creek ridges
Thomas Boerman, UU, Fresh water lenses under creek ridges: a pilot study in Zeeland to increase fresh water supply
Pieter Winters, Universteit Gent, Belgie, Estimating flow patterns to an agricultural ditch by inverse modeling of temperature and salinity measurements

2012

2010

Bernard Voortman, UU, Invloed van gebiedseigenschappen en klimaatverandering op de dikte en vorm van regenwaterlenzen in de Provincie Zeeland en bijdrage aan Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 15, 3659-3678
Aileen Mirasol-Robert, UU, Analysis of Submarine Groundwater Discharge to Manila Bay - 3D Density Dependent Hydrogeological Modeling of the South-eastern coastal zone of Bataan, Philippines
Dagmar Schnitzer, UU, Response of a fresh-brackish groundwater system to hydrological management in and around the Naardermeer wetland, the Netherlands

2008

Tommaso Letterio, Uni of Firenze, Italy

2007

Bas de Veen en Sjors Stevens, VU, Meetcampagne regenwaterlenzen in de Provincie Zeeland
Corne Prevo, Hogeschool Zeeland, Aquatische Ecotechnologie: Regenwaterlenzen binnen de Provincie Zeeland
Francesco Sergi, La Sapienza, Roma, Italy, Salinisation processes in the Province of Zeeland, the Netherlands, bijdrage aan Near Surface Geophysics, 401-412, 2007
Marian Koskamp, WUR, Modelstudie naar chlorideconcentratie in bodemvocht en ondiep grondwater in een zout kwelsysteem, conceptverslag
Valentina Marconi, Uni of Bologna, Italy, Characterization of shallow fresh groundwater lenses in the Province of Zeeland with 2D geo-electrical surveys
Vesna Tripkovics, UNESCO-IHE, Salt water intrusion in The Province of Zeeland, the Netherlands - water system analysis and numerical modeling

2006

Elles Bader, VU, Verziltings- en verzoetingsprocessen in Nederland; met speciale aandacht voor de Wieringermeerpolder
Piet Maljaars en Runa Wils, Hogeschool Larenstein, Regenwaterlenzen in zoute kwelsystemen

2005

Beatrice Giambastiani, Uni of Bolgona, Italy, Saltwater intrusion and water management in the unconfined coastal aquifer of Ravenna (Italy): a numerical model J. Hydrol. 340, 1-2, 91-104, 2007.

SURFACE

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Child pages

On fresh-saline groundwater in deltaic areas

Wanted:

News:

Overview

Dutch wiki-site

Introduction

Threats to fresh water resources

Focus on regional and local processes

Solutions of salinisation problems

Leaflet

More Information

Lectures Density dependent groundwater flow, IHE, Delft, 8-9-10 April 2024

Exercises

Additional material

Movies

Course Hazards and risk assessment GEO4-4425, Utrecht University, 20 March 2020

Topic: Vulnerability of groundwater systems to flooding events

Lecture Notes Density Dependent Groundwater Flow: Salt water intrusion in coastal aquifers

Lecture Notes Groundwater Modelling

Animations: examples of salinisation processes

Henry's profile with sea level rise

3D zoet-zout verdeling ondergrond NL

Fresh water injection to combat salinisation

3D zoet-zout verdeling ondergrond Texel

Physical barrier in the coastal zone

Dutch profile extraction, upconing and low inland levels

Profile over 3D model: effect sea level rise on salinisation

Movement of the island De Griend (NL): creation of a freshwater lens

Evolution of a freshwater lens

Upconing saline groundwater under a low-lying area

Development lens

CRYSTECHSALIN

Homage Prof. Custodio:

Blog stream

Available internship topics

Past internships

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